. 2013 Dec 12;179(5):602–612. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwt295

Table 5.

Logistic Regression Odds Ratios^a of Formal Reporting for Women Experiencing Any Violence (Physical or Sexual) by Country, West and Central Africa, 2004–2009

Covariate	Cameroon (in 2004)		Ghana (in 2008)		Mali (in 2006)		Nigeria (in 2008)		Sao Tome and Principe (in 2008–2009)
Covariate	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Marital status
Never married	0.40^b	0.17, 0.97	1.63	0.55, 4.80			1.43	0.74, 2.76
Formerly married	1.13	0.63, 2.02	1.80	0.65, 4.97	3.57^c	0.48, 26.44	2.19^b	1.10, 4.37	0.71^a	0.25, 1.97
Age, years	1.04^d	1.02, 1.07	1.02	0.97, 1.08	1.04^b	1.01, 1.07	1.04^e	1.01, 1.07	1.06^b	1.01, 1.11
Education
No education	0.28^b,f	0.09, 0.85	0.33	0.08, 1.32	1.35	0.69, 2.64	0.67	0.35, 1.28	0.36^c	0.07, 1.75
Some secondary or higher education			1.10	0.39, 3.15	3.14	0.53, 18.78	1.74^b	1.07, 2.84
Bottom 40% of wealth	1.43	0.79, 2.59	0.92	0.33, 2.55	0.49^b	0.24, 1.00	0.90	0.45, 1.82	3.41^b	1.10, 10.57
Urban	0.87	0.45, 1.69	0.99	0.42, 2.31	0.96	0.51, 1.80	0.93	0.56, 1.55	3.27^e	1.42, 7.53
Distance to health facilities a big problem	1.06	0.68, 1.67	1.08	0.47, 2.45	0.67	0.34, 1.30	1.44	0.89, 2.32	0.55	0.15, 2.01
F-statistic, district/regional indicators	4.09		1.24		4.17		0.96		1.77
No. of observations	1,759		1,075		2,699		6,640		765

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

^a Reference categories are as follows: for marital status, currently married; for education, some or complete primary; for wealth, top 60%; and for distance to health facility, not a problem. All models control for district or regional indicators.

^b P < 0.05.

^c Because of low rates of reporting, never married women were combined with currently married women as the reference category.

^d P < 0.001.

^e P < 0.01.

^f Because of low rates of reporting, some secondary or higher education was combined with some or complete primary education as the reference category.