Table 1.
Characteristics by Race and Sex of 11,963 Participants in the ARIC Study at Cohort Entry, 1987–1989
| Risk Factor | Women |
Men |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White (n = 5,009) |
Black (n = 1,852) |
P Value | White (n = 4,134) |
Black (n = 968) |
P Value | |||||
| Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | |||
| Age, years | 53.6 (5.6) | 52.7 (5.7) | <0.001 | 54.3 (5.7) | 52.8 (5.8) | <0.001 | ||||
| Adiposity | ||||||||||
| Obese | 22.0 | 46.5 | <0.001 | 20.8 | 27.2 | <0.001 | ||||
| Body mass indexa | 26.5 (5.3) | 30.5 (6.3) | <0.001 | 27.3 (3.9) | 27.6 (4.5) | 0.04 | ||||
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.89 (0.08) | 0.90 (0.08) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.05) | 0.93 (0.05) | <0.001 | ||||
| Weight change, lbsb | 26.8 (25) | 47.4 (32) | <0.001 | 21.4 (23) | 25.1 (29) | <0.001 | ||||
| Dietary intakes | ||||||||||
| Protein, g/day | 52.9 (24) | 51.2 (22) | 0.01 | 56.0 (24) | 55.2 (24) | 0.40 | ||||
| Organ meat, >2 servings/month | 7.6 | 24.6 | <0.001 | 9.3 | 28.3 | <0.001 | ||||
| Shellfish, >1 serving/week | 7.1 | 12.3 | <0.001 | 9.0 | 15.2 | <0.001 | ||||
| Alcohol, drinks/day | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.5 (0.9) | 0.01 | 1.0 (1.3) | 1.3 (1.8) | <0.001 | ||||
| Smoking status | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Current | 21.6 | 22.4 | 21.5 | 32.1 | ||||||
| Former | 25.1 | 17.9 | 48.3 | 34.4 | ||||||
| Never | 53.3 | 59.7 | 30.2 | 33.5 | ||||||
| Family income | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| <$16,000 | 13.2 | 53.8 | 6.6 | 35.8 | ||||||
| $16,000–$24,999 | 15.3 | 19.0 | 11.6 | 19.8 | ||||||
| $25,000–$34,999 | 20.2 | 12.5 | 19.9 | 15.7 | ||||||
| ≥$35,000 | 51.3 | 14.7 | 61.9 | 28.7 | ||||||
| Education | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| <12 years | 13.9 | 35.8 | 15.5 | 36.5 | ||||||
| 12–16 years | 51.5 | 31.2 | 39.6 | 27.0 | ||||||
| 17–21 years | 34.6 | 33.0 | 44.9 | 36.5 | ||||||
| Pre- or perimenopausal | 33.0 | 24.0 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Chronic conditions | ||||||||||
| Coronary heart disease | 1.1 | 1.9 | 0.01 | 6.4 | 3.3 | <0.001 | ||||
| Congestive heart failure | 3.7 | 6.6 | <0.001 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 0.36 | ||||
| Hypertension | 23.6 | 53.0 | <0.001 | 25.0 | 46.9 | <0.001 | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 6.3 | 15.2 | <0.001 | 8.0 | 12.9 | <0.001 | ||||
| Categorical eGFRc | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||
| ≥90 | 57.0 | 74.8 | 49.9 | 63.6 | ||||||
| 60–89 | 40.8 | 23.2 | 48.4 | 34.1 | ||||||
| <60 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.3 | ||||||
| Diuretic use | 15.9 | 28.3 | <0.001 | 9.0 | 16.3 | <0.001 | ||||
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 4.4 (1.3) | 4.9 (1.4) | <0.001 | 5.8 (1.3) | 6.0 (1.5) | <0.001 | ||||
Abbreviations: ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SD, standard deviation.
a Weight (kg)/height (m)2.
b Change in weight from age 25 years to cohort entry; 1 lb = 0.45 kg.
c eGFR is measured as mL/minute / 1.73 m2.