Histology Montage of Day 35 Time-point. Left column: Montage of IHC for CD68 to assess macrophage infiltration. Center column: TUNEL stain to assess apoptotic cells. For both IHC CD68 and TUNEL analysis, twenty digital images were captured at 400× magnification for each tissue sample, n=4 at time-points 7, 21 and 35 status-post obstruction or sham. Positive cells were averaged per group and ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc was used to determine statistical significance. Right column: Montage of Trichrome stains to assess for fibrosis. Digital images were captured at 40× magnification for the entire area of each tissue sample, n=4 at time-points 7, 21 and 35 days status-post obstruction or sham. Imaging analysis quantified the percent of fibrotic area.