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Overview of the engineering-then-maturation approach. Step 1 is the production of renogenic stem cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) cells (or any other stem cell easily obtainable from a patient). Step 2, the main topic of this review, is the construction of an engineered foetal kidney from these stem cells. Step 3 is transplantation of the engineered rudiment and subsequent maturation to physiological maturity in the host
