Table 5.
Factors associated with risk of cataract development - Final model (n = 11,591)
| Univariate OR | Multivariate OR | 95% CI | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1. Socio-demographic factors | ||||
| Age (years) |
|
|
|
|
| 40–49 |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
|
|
| 50–59 |
4.3 |
3.5 |
3.0–4.1 |
<0.01 |
| 60–69 |
21.0 |
14.3 |
12.1–16.8 |
<0.01 |
| 70–80 |
92.6 |
53.1 |
42.5–66.4 |
<0.01 |
| 80+ |
344.5 |
194.1 |
94.5–398.6 |
<0.01 |
| Sex |
|
|
|
|
| Men |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
|
|
| Women |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.8–1.0 |
0.14 |
| Monthly household income |
|
|
|
|
| Lowest quintile |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
|
|
| 2nd to 4th quintile |
0.2 |
0.9 |
0.7–1.0 |
0.05 |
| Highest quintile |
0.1 |
0.7 |
0.6–0.9 |
<0.01 |
| Education |
|
|
|
|
| Elementary school |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
|
|
| Middle school |
0.3 |
0.8 |
0.7–0.9 |
<0.01 |
| High school |
0.2 |
0.7 |
0.6–0.8 |
<0.01 |
| University or higher |
0.1 |
0.6 |
0.5–0.7 |
<0.01 |
|
2. Health examination variable | ||||
| Hypercholesterolemia |
|
|
|
|
| No |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
|
|
| Yes |
1.5 |
1.2 |
1.0–1.3 |
0.02 |
| Anemia |
|
|
|
|
| No |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
|
|
| Yes |
1.3 |
1.1 |
0.9–1.3 |
0.18 |
| Metabolic syndrome |
|
|
|
|
| No |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
|
|
| Yes |
2.1 |
1.1 |
0.9–1.2 |
0.32 |
|
3. Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension |
|
|
|
|
| No |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
|
|
| Yes |
3.1 |
1.1 |
1.0–1.3 |
0.02 |
| Diabetic mellitus |
|
|
|
|
| No |
1.0 (ref) |
1.0 (ref) |
|
|
| Yes | 3.1 | 1.6 | 1.3–1.9 | <0.01 |