Table 1.

Directional responses of different cell types under a physiological electric field during the wound repair process

Phase of Wound Repair	Cell Type	Directional Response to EF	References
Inflammatory	Macrophages	Anodal	21,22
	Lymphocytes	Cathodal	19
	Monocytes	Cathodal	14
	Neutrophils	Cathodal	14
	Granulocytes	Cathodal/anodal	20
Proliferative	Fibroblast	Cathodal/anodal	14,23,27–30
Remodeling (wound contraction and re-epithelialization)`	Keratinocytes	Cathodal	14,25,26
	Myofibroblasts	?	24
	Vascular endothelial cells	Cathodal

EF, electric field.