Table 1.

Economic and environmental indicator values, counterfactuals and average treatment effects for the fertilizer-use scenario, at ME prices and predicted adoption rate, for subsistence farms in Machakos, Kenya. (ATE, average treatment effect; CF, counterfactual; ATT, average treatment effect on treated; ATU, average treatment effect on untreated, nutrient gain is kg N ha⁻¹ season⁻¹.)

	base	ATE	adopters			non-adopters
			value	CF	ATT	value	CF	ATU
per cent above poverty	13.1	4.1	27.4	9.8	17.6	16.7	7.6	−9.1
mean nutrient gain	−27.9	4.3	−28.4	−30.8	2.4	−24.5	−17.9	6.6