Comparison of flagella motion during linear swimming and turning in the body-fixed frame. (a) The average flagella traces for linear swimming were overlaid onto inverted images of a single cell to demonstrate the fit of the average traces. (b) The polynomial fits of the flagella during linear swimming, with the fluid force vectors indicated. (c) The average flagella beat motion during turning overlaid onto inverted images of a typical turning cell. (d) The polynomial fits of the flagella during turning, with the fluid force vectors indicated. As clearly illustrated in the figure, the two stalked flagella beat simultaneously during turning, with vectors oriented in the same direction with similar magnitudes. For linear swimming, the stalked flagella beat over separate time intervals. In all images, red indicates the free flagellum, green represents stalked 1, blue represents stalked 2 and pink represents the recurrent.