Figure 4.

Group means ± s.d. for (a) change in longitudinal arch (LA) height, (b) change in muscle tendon unit length and (c) normalized electromyographic (EMG) root mean square (r.m.s.) plotted as a function of load applied to the thigh during the incremental loading task. For each participant, muscle length and arch height were normalized to the resting unloaded values. The EMG r.m.s. amplitude was normalized to the maximal value recorded during the 150% body mass trial. Open circles (red) represent abductor hallucis, open squares (blue) represent flexor digitorum brevis and open triangles (green) represent quadratus plantae muscle. (Online version in colour.)