Table 1.
Demographic, Psychiatric, and Substance Use Characteristics of Participants
| ADI | HDI | Test Statistic | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 58 | 74 | ||
| Age | 22.59 (3.70) | 29.24 (4.61) | F = 80.34 | <.01 |
| Education (years) | 12.40 (1.89) | 13.01 (2.37) | F = 2.63 | .11 |
| Raven Estimated IQ | 106.28 (13.40) | 104.05 (12.65) | F = 0.95 | .33 |
| Sex (% male) | 76 | 80 | χ2 = 0.28 | .59 |
| Hepatitis C Seropositive | 0 | 44 | ||
| Addiction Severity Index | ||||
| Alcohol | .11 (.12) | .06 (.11) | χ2 = 11.12 | <.01 |
| Drug | .01 (.02) | .03 (.06) | χ2 = 0.12 | .73 |
| Duration of Substance Use in Years | ||||
| Alcohol | 8.0 (3.5) | 11.2 (5.4) | U = 1014.5 | <.01 |
| Amphetamine | 3.3 (2.3) | 0.1 (0.8) | U = 55.5 | <.01 |
| Heroin | 0 | 7.5 (3.4) | ||
| Length of Abstinence (time since last met dependence criteria) | ||||
| Days (median, IQR) | 913 (1073) | 730 (1390) | χ2 = .03 | .87 |
| Past Substance Dependence (%) | ||||
| Alcohol | 7 | 8 | χ2 = 0.05 | .82 |
| Cannabis | 39 | 19 | χ2 = 6.26 | .01 |
| Sedatives | 0 | 0 | ||
| Cocaine | 0 | 0 | ||
| Hallucinogens | 0 | 0 | ||
| Other Drugs | 0 | 0 | ||
| Polysubstance | 0 | 0 | ||
| Trait Impulsivity (z-scores) | ||||
| Planning | −0.01 (0.92) | 0.01 (0.77) | t = 0.2 | .87 |
| Action | 0.12 (0.74) | −0.09 (0.69) | t = −1.7 | .09 |
| Neurobehavioral Impulsivity (z-scores) | ||||
| Discriminability | −0.10 (0.79) | 0.08 (0.84) | t = −1.2 | .22 |
| Response Inhibition | −0.10 (0.56) | 0.08 (0.58 | t = −1.7 | .09 |
| Decision-Making | −0.04 (0.60) | 0.03 (0.71) | t = −0.5 | .61 |
| Quality Decision-Making | −0.10 (0.80) | 0.08 (0.73) | t = −1.3 | .20 |
| Psychiatric Comorbidities | ||||
| BDI-II | 7.8 (6.1) | 9.0 (6.5) | t = 1.1 | .29 |
| STAI-State | 34.0 (7.3) | 36.3 (8.9) | t = 1.6 | .11 |
| STAI-Trait | 39.9 (10.2) | 42.1 (10.1) | t = 1.2 | .22 |
| SRPS | 29.4 (10.9) | 31.6 (9.9) | t = 1.2 | .24 |
| WURS | 27.9 (15.1) | 31.4 (15.6) | t = 1.3 | .19 |
Note. Unless otherwise noted, entries represent means and standard deviations; BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory-II; STAI = State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; SRPS = Self-Report Psychopathy Scale; WURS = Wender Utah Rating Scale