Table 1.
Groups | GPx (nmol NADPH/min/g Hb) |
GR (nmol NADPH/min/mg Hb) |
TrxR (nmol DTNB reduced/min/mg Hb) |
---|---|---|---|
Nondiabetic control | 26.3 ± 5.9 | 20.6 ± 1.2 | 155.5 ± 8.2 |
Diabetic vehicle | 25.0 ± 1.6 | 32.0 ± 0.7 | 138.0 ± 16.5 |
Diabetic + insulin | 49.6 ± 9.2∗,# | 18.2 ± 2.9 | 172.7 ± 21.3 |
Diabetic + metformin | 29.8 ± 8.3 | 23.9 ± 11.1 | 142.1 ± 11.4 |
Diabetic + bixin (10 mg/kg) | 11.4 ± 3.7 | 19.2 ± 3.9 | 149.8 ± 6.5 |
Diabetic + bixin (100 mg/kg) | 19.7 ± 6.5 | 61.8 ± 10.9∗,# | 264.3 ± 27.0∗,# |
Diabetic + norbixin (10 mg/kg) | 26.0 ± 9.5 | 18.0 ± 1.2 | 96.3 ± 11.2∗,# |
Diabetic + norbixin (100 mg/kg) | 62.2 ± 3.2∗,# | 17.2 ± 2.3 | 150.9 ± 12.7 |
Data are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 6 per group, except for the metformin and insulin groups that had 5 animals). ANOVA followed by Duncan's test: *P < 0.05 versus nondiabetic control; # P < 0.05 versus diabetic vehicle.