Table 1. Phage display-derived drugs in clinical trials or approved1.
| International non-proprietary name or drug code | Sponsor company | Target | Phage display technology | Development status | Indication(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raxibacumab (ABthrax) | Discovered by CAT technology and Human Genome Sciences- GlaxoSmithKline (2012) |
Protective antigen (PA) component of anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) | CAT | Approved (2012) |
Prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax | |
| Belimumab(Benlysta) | GlaxoSmithKline | B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) | CAT | Approved (2011) | Autoantibody-positive, systemic lupus | |
| Ecallantide (Kalbitor) | Dyax Corp. | Plasma kallikrein | Dyax | Approved (2009) | Hereditary angioedema | |
| Romiplostim (Nplate) | Amgen | Thrombopoietin receptor (TPOR) | Affymax | Approved (2008) | Immune thrombocytopenic purpura | |
| Ranibizumab (Lucentis) | Genentech | Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) | Genentech | Approved (2006) |
Neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration | |
| Adalimumab (Humira) | Abbott Laboratories | Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) | CAT | Approved (2002) |
Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, plaque psoriasis | |
| Affinity ligand for Xyntha 2 | Wyeth Pharmaceuticals | Factor VIII | Dyax | used in purification of Factor VIII |
Hemophilia A | |
| Necitumumab (IMC-11F8) | Lilly and Bristol-Myers Squibb (purchased drug program from ImClone) |
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) |
Dyax | Phase 3 | Cancer (NSCLC) | |
| Ramucirumab (IMC-1121B) | Eli Lilly (collaborator: ImClone) | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) | Dyax | Phase 3 | Cancer (NSCLC, breast, metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma) | |
| Trebananib (AMG 386) | Amgen | Angiopoietin 1 and 2 neutralizing peptibody (Ang1/2) | Dyax | Phase 3 | Cancer (ovarian, peritoneal, fallopian tube) | |
| Ganitumab (AMG 479) | Amgen | Insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) | Dyax | Phase 2 | Cancer (pancreatic, colorectal breast, NSCLC) | |
| Cixutumumab (IMC-A12) | ImClone Systems Inc. | Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) | Dyax | Phase 2 | Cancer (NSCLC, metastatic melanoma of the eye, liver) | |
| MM-121 | Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, partner with Sanofi | ErbB3 | Dyax | Phase 2 | Cancer (advanced ovarian, hormone sensitive breast cancer, NSCLC, and HER2 negative neoadjuvant breast cancer) | |
| BIIB 033 | Biogen Idec | Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain containing, Nogo receptor-interacting protein (LINGO 1) | Dyax | Phase 2 | Acute optic neuritis, Multiple Sclerosis | |
| Mapatumumab | Human Genome Sciences, Inc., a GSK company | TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 4 (TRAIL-4) | CAT | Phase 2 | Cancer (NSCLC, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, liver, cervical) | |
| Tralokinumab (CAT-354) | MedImmune | Interleukin-13 | CAT | Phase 2 | Ulcerative colitis, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma | |
| Mavrilimumab (CAM-3001) | MedImmune | Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor (GM-CSF) | CAT | Phase 2 | Rheumatoid arthritis | |
| Bertilimumab (iCo) | Immune Pharmaceuticals | Eotaxin-1 (CCL-11) | CAT | Phase 2 | Ulcerative colitis | |
| MOR103 | MorphoSys | GM-CSF | MorphoSys | Phase 2 | Inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis) | |
| BHQ880 | Novartis | Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) |
MorphoSys | Phase 2 | Multiple myeloma | |
| Carlumab (CNTO 888) | J&J | MCP-1 (CCL-2) | MorphoSys | Phase 2 | Prostate cancer | |
| CNTO 1959 | Janssen | IL-23p19 | MorphoSys | Phase 2 | Plaque-type psoriasis | |
| Gantenerumab | Roche | Beta-amyloid | MorphoSys | Phase 2 (Phase 3 recruiting) | Alzheimer | |
| BYM338 | Novartis | ActRIIB | MorphoSys | Phase 2/3 (recruiting) |
Sporadic inclusion body myositis |
|
| MLDL1278A (BI-204) | Genentech | Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) | BioInvent | Phase 2 | Stable atherosclerotic vascular disease | |
| Foravirumab (CL-184) | Crucell | Rabies virus glycoprotein | Crucell | Phase 2 | Prophylaxis of rabies | |
| Adecatumumab (MT201) | Amgen | Epithelial cell adhesion molecule EpCAM |
Micromet | Phase 2 | Colorectal liver metastases | |
| Fresolimumab (GC-1008) | Genzyme | TGF-β | CAT | Phase 2 | Primary brain tumors, primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis | |
| BI-505 | BioInvent | ICAM-1 (CD54) | BioInvent | Phase 2 | Cancer (multiple myeloma) | |
| AMG 780 | Amgen | Angiopoietin | Dyax | Phase 1 | Cancer (advanced solid tumor) | |
| IMC-3C5 | ImClone | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) |
Dyax | Phase 1 | Cancer (advanced solid tumor) | |
| Anti-MIF | Baxter | Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) | Dyax | Phase 1 | Cancer (malignant solid tumor) | |
| AMG-745 | Amgen | Myostatin | Dyax | Withdrawn | Muscle loss | |
| Moxetumomab pasudotox (CAT-8015) | MedImmune | CD22 | CAT | Phase 1/2 | Cancer (non-Hodgin lymphoma, Phase 3 for hairy cell leukemia) | |
| CNTO 3157 | Janssen | Toll-Like Receptor 3 (TLR-3) | MorphoSys | Phase 1 | Asthma | |
| MOR202 | MorphoSys | CD38 | MorphoSys | Phase 1/2 | Cancer (multiple myeloma) | |
| BAY 94-9343 | Bayer | Mesothelin | MorphoSys | Phase 1 | Cancer (mesotheliomas, ovarian and pancreatic carcinomas) | |
| OMP-59R5 | OncoMed | Notch 2 and Notch 3 receptors | MorphoSys | Phase 1/2 | Cancer (solid tumors, small cell lung, pancreatic) | |
| Vantictumab OMP-18R5 |
OncoMed | Frizzled 7 receptor | MorphoSys | Phase 1 | Cancer (solid tumors) | |
| MT203 | Takeda | Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor GM-CSF |
Micromet | Phase 1 | Rheumatoid arthritis | |
| Samalizumab (ALXN6000) | Alexion | CD200 | Alexion | Phase 1/2 | Cancer (B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma) | |
| DX-2930 | Dyax | Plasma kallikrein | Dyax | Phase 1 | Hereditary angioedema | |
1 Data current as of November 1, 2013. Phase and indications verified on ClinicalTrials.gov, company website or in the package insert of approved products.2 The affinity ligand for Xyntha was discovered using phage display. Abbreviations: NSCLC- non-small cell lung cancer