Table 2. Patient characteristics prior to case death and risk of suicide and accidental/violent death1.
| Case | Control | ||||||||
| n = 27 | % | n = 54 | % | OR | 95% CI | p | p2 | ||
| Full time employment3 | Yes | 6 | 22.2 | 33 | 61.1 | 1.00 | - | - | 0.002 |
| No | 16 | 59.3 | 19 | 35.2 | 5.86 | [1.69,20.37] | 0.005 | ||
| Not stated (NS) | 5 | 18.5 | 2 | 3.7 | 28.54 | [3.12,261.23] | 0.003 | ||
| Accommodation3 | Not alone | 7 | 25.9 | 23 | 42.6 | 1.00 | - | - | 0.021 |
| Alone/Institution | 15 | 55.6 | 14 | 25.9 | 3.26 | [1.06,10.07] | 0.040 | ||
| Not stated | 5 | 18.5 | 17 | 31.5 | 0.63 | [0.20,1.96] | 0.425 | ||
| Alcohol intake3 | Moderate or less | 13 | 48.1 | 36 | 66.7 | 1.00 | - | - | 0.397 |
| High | 5 | 18.5 | 6 | 11.1 | 2.31 | [0.46, 11.54] | 0.308 | ||
| NS | 9 | 33.3 | 12 | 22.2 | 1.72 | [0.61,4.91] | 0.196 | ||
| Smoking3 | Never | 11 | 40.7 | 18 | 33.3 | 1.00 | - | - | 0.284 |
| Prior | 2 | 7.4 | 10 | 18.5 | 0.33 | [0.08,1.42] | 0.136 | ||
| Current | 12 | 44.4 | 25 | 46.3 | 0.76 | [0.20,2.87] | 0.681 | ||
| Not stated | 2 | 7.4 | 1 | 1.9 | 3.50 | [0.25,49.36] | 0.354 | ||
| Recreational/Illicit drug use ever | No | 4 | 14.8 | 4 | 7.4 | ||||
| Non IDU | 10 | 37 | 11 | 20.4 | |||||
| IDU | 3 | 11.1 | 5 | 9.3 | |||||
| Not stated | 10 | 37 | 34 | 63 | |||||
| Recreational/Illicit drug use3 | No | 21 | 77.8 | 47 | 87 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Yes | 6 | 22.2 | 7 | 13 | 2.35 | [0.64,8.70] | 0.200 | ||
| Suicide attempts | No | 21 | 77.8 | 48 | 88.9 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Yes | 6 | 22.2 | 6 | 11.1 | 2.73 | [0.70,10.69] | 0.149 | ||
| Suicidal ideation | No | 12 | 44.4 | 43 | 79.6 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Yes | 15 | 55.6 | 11 | 20.4 | 6.55 | [1.70,25.21] | 0.006 | ||
| Depression/anxiety | No | 9 | 33.3 | 27 | 50.0 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Yes | 18 | 66.7 | 27 | 50.0 | 1.87 | [0.67,5.25] | 0.234 | ||
| Neurocognitive impairment | No | 24 | 88.9 | 47 | 87.0 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Yes | 3 | 11.1 | 7 | 13.0 | 0.84 | [0.22,3.26] | 0.804 | ||
| Chronic pain | No | 21 | 77.8 | 49 | 90.7 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Yes | 6 | 22.2 | 5 | 9.3 | 2.68 | [0.74,9.68] | 0.132 | ||
| Psych/cognitive risks | ≤2 | 19 | 70.4 | 48 | 88.9 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| >2 | 8 | 29.6 | 6 | 11.1 | 4.99 | [1.17,30.65] | 0.031 | ||
| Recent psych/cognitive risks3, 4 | ≤2 | 24 | 88.9 | 50 | 92.6 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| >2 | 3 | 11.1 | 4 | 7.4 | 1.62 | [0.23,11.30] | 0.628 | ||
| Psychotropic medications | ≤2 | 17 | 63 | 42 | 77.8 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| >2 | 10 | 37 | 12 | 22.2 | 1.76 | [0.61,5.08] | 0.297 | ||
| Recent psychotropic medications3 | ≤2 | 14 | 51.9 | 42 | 77.8 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| >2 | 13 | 48.1 | 12 | 22.2 | 2.47 | [0.95,6.41] | 0.062 | ||
| AIDS defining illness | No | 25 | 92.6 | 42 | 77.8 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Yes | 2 | 7.4 | 12 | 22.2 | 0.29 | [0.06,1.34] | 0.112 | ||
| AIDS dementia complex | No | 27 | 100 | 51 | 94.4 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Yes | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5.6 | Does not converge | - | - | ||
| NeurocART5, 6 | No | 16 | 59.3 | 38 | 70.4 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Yes | 11 | 40.7 | 16 | 29.6 | 1.74 | [0.68,4.48] | 0.251 | ||
| CD4 cell count (cells/µL)6 | <500 | 17 | 63.0 | 26 | 48.1 | 1.00 | - | - | 0.022 |
| ≥500 | 5 | 18.5 | 25 | 46.3 | 0.25 | [0.07,0.87] | 0.030 | ||
| Missing | 5 | 18.5 | 3 | 5.6 | 1.68 | [0.33, 8.48] | 0.533 | ||
| HIV viral load (copies/ml)6 | ≤400 | 11 | 40.7 | 30 | 55.6 | 1.00 | - | - | 0.291 |
| >400 | 11 | 40.7 | 21 | 38.9 | 1.63 | [0.61,4.36] | 0.368 | ||
| Missing | 5 | 18.5 | 3 | 5.6 | 3.91 | [0.69,22.2] | 0.124 | ||
| First HIV positive result | <1990 | 12 | 44.4 | 12 | 22.2 | 1.00 | - | - | 0.04 |
| 1990-1999 | 10 | 37 | 28 | 51.9 | 0.31 | [0.11,0.89] | 0.030 | ||
| ≥2000 | 5 | 18.5 | 14 | 25.9 | 0.08 | [0.01,0.84] | 0.035 | ||
| Efavirenz | No | 20 | 74.1 | 49 | 90.7 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Yes | 7 | 25.9 | 5 | 9.3 | 3.78 | [0.96,14.87] | 0.057 | ||
| Nevirapine | No | 23 | 85.2 | 36 | 66.7 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Yes | 4 | 14.8 | 18 | 33.3 | 0.37 | [0.12,1.10] | 0.073 | ||
| Abacavir | No | 25 | 92.6 | 42 | 77.8 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Yes | 2 | 7.4 | 12 | 22.2 | 0.27 | [0.05,1.38] | 0.115 | ||
| Stavudine | No | 23 | 85.2 | 46 | 85.2 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Yes | 4 | 14.8 | 8 | 14.8 | 1.00 | [0.24,4.11] | 1.000 | ||
| Lamivudine | No | 17 | 63 | 28 | 51.9 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Yes | 10 | 37 | 26 | 48.1 | 0.53 | [0.17,1.72] | 0.293 | ||
| Ritonavir | No | 22 | 81.5 | 40 | 74.1 | 1.00 | - | - | |
| Yes | 5 | 18.5 | 14 | 25.9 | 0.66 | [0.20, 2.14] | 0.488 | ||
1. Controls matched to cases by treating clinic, sex, age (10 year age category at case death), mode of exposure, HIV-positive at case death. Univariate conditional logistic regression used to determine OR.
2. Overall Wald test for categorical variables.
3. Record in year prior to case death.
4. Count of recorded suicidal ideation, depression/anxiety, dysthymia, mood and personality disorders, anorexia nervosa, schizophrenia, neurocognitive impairment.
5. NeurocART regimens are those with CPE greater study median per calendar year of case death.
6. Duration weighted average in year prior to case death.