Table 2.
Main effects of sun protection intervention on children’s sun protection
| Outcome | Baselinea | 1 mo postintervention | 4 mo postintervention | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Scaleb | Meanc (SE) | Meanc (SE) | Bd | Pe | Meanc (SE) | Bd | Pe | |
| Sun protection (composite) | 1–5 | |||||||
| Intervention | 3.41 (0.13) | 3.62 (0.13) | 0.03 | 0.50 | 3.65 (0.13) | 0.00 | 0.94 | |
| Standard education | 3.41 (0.13) | 3.59 (0.13) | 3.65 (0.13) | |||||
| Sunscreen (composite) | 1–5 | |||||||
| Intervention | 2.64 (0.06) | 2.83 (0.07) | 0.06 | 0.35 | 2.89 (0.07) | 0.02 | 0.79 | |
| Standard education | 2.64 (0.06) | 2.78 (0.07) | 2.87 (0.07) | |||||
| Sunscreen 30 minutes before going outdoors | 1–5 | |||||||
| Intervention | 2.87 (0.09) | 3.08 (0.10) | 0.02 | 0.88 | 3.14 (0.10) | −0.11 | 0.30 | |
| Standard education | 2.87 (0.09) | 3.06 (0.10) | 3.24 (0.10) | |||||
| Sunscreen reapplied within 1 hour | 1–5 | |||||||
| Intervention | 3.05 (0.24) | 3.34 (0.25) | 0.11 | 0.23 | 3.42 (0.25) | 0.02 | 0.82 | |
| Standard education | 3.05 (0.24) | 3.22 (0.24) | 3.40 (0.24) | |||||
| Sunscreen reapplied after each hour outdoors | 1–5 | |||||||
| Intervention | 3.18 (0.24) | 3.43 (0.25) | 0.28 | 0.002 | 3.41 (0.25) | 0.10 | 0.27 | |
| Standard education | 3.18 (0.24) | 3.15 (0.25) | 3.31 (0.25) | |||||
| Clothing (composite) | 1–5 | |||||||
| Intervention | 3.03 (0.14) | 3.21 (0.15) | 0.00 | 0.99 | 3.18 (0.15) | 0.04 | 0.46 | |
| Standard education | 3.03 (0.14) | 3.21 (0.15) | 3.14 (0.15) | |||||
| Wide-brimmed hat | 1–5 | |||||||
| Intervention | 2.23 (0.29) | 2.37 (0.29) | 0.06 | 0.56 | 2.51 (0.29) | 0.20 | 0.045 | |
| Standard education | 2.23 (0.29) | 2.32 (0.29) | 2.31 (0.29) | |||||
| Sleeved shirt/longer pants | 1–5 | |||||||
| Intervention | 3.33 (0.05) | 3.44 (0.06) | −0.05 | 0.50 | 3.27 (0.06) | 0.10 | 0.88 | |
| Standard education | 3.33 (0.05) | 3.49 (0.06) | 3.49 (0.06) | |||||
| Shade | 1–5 | |||||||
| Intervention | 3.60 (0.14) | 3.76 (0.15) | 0.01 | 0.92 | 3.79 (0.15) | −0.04 | 0.53 | |
| Standard education | 3.60 (0.14) | 3.75 (0.15) | 3.83 (0.15) | |||||
| Limit time outdoors | 1–5 | |||||||
| Intervention | 3.90 (0.27) | 4.25 (0.28) | 0.07 | 0.52 | 4.29 (0.28) | 0.02 | 0.85 | |
| Standard education | 3.90 (0.27) | 4.18 (0.28) | 4.27 (0.28) | |||||
Abbreviations: SE, standard error.
a
No significant differences at baseline.
b
Higher scores indicate higher frequency of behavior.
c
Means are adjusted for survivors’ and children’s demographics and sun sensitivity covariates and for survivors’ clinical covariates.
d
B indicates the difference in the change from baseline between the intervention and standard education groups.
e
P indicates the significance of the test of the intervention by time interaction. Significant P values (<0.05) are in bold.