Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of HIV/TB coinfected patients according to the type of TB.
| TB meningitis | Pulmonary TB | Extrapulmonary TB | Chi-squared test* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
| All | 100 | (9.3) | 371 | (34.6) | 601 | (56.1) | |
| HIV characteristics | |||||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 74 | (74.0) | 234 | (63.1) | 422 | (70.2) | 0.028 |
| Female | 26 | (26.0) | 137 | (36.9) | 179 | (29.8) | |
| Race | |||||||
| White | 75 | (75.0) | 224 | (60.4) | 377 | (62.7) | 0.026 |
| Other | 25 | (25.0) | 147 | (39.6) | 224 | (37.3) | |
| Origin1 | |||||||
| Same country | 75 | (78.1) | 300 | (82.4) | 436 | (74.8) | 0.0056 |
| Other Europe | 6 | (6.3) | 8 | (2.2) | 13 | (2.2) | |
| Non-Europe | 15 | (15.6) | 56 | (15.4) | 134 | (23.0) | |
| HIV risk2 | |||||||
| IDU | 55 | (61.1) | 183 | (52.4) | 279 | (50.2) | 0.17 |
| Heterosexual | 25 | (27.8) | 118 | (33.8) | 178 | (32.0) | |
| Other | 10 | (11.1) | 48 | (13.8) | 100 | (17.9) | |
| Region | |||||||
| Argentina | 5 | (5.0) | 46 | (12.4) | 64 | (10.7) | 0.072 |
| South | 17 | (17.0) | 75 | (20.2) | 114 | (19.0) | |
| Central | 17 | (17.0) | 42 | (11.3) | 105 | (17.5) | |
| East | 61 | (61.0) | 208 | (56.1) | 318 | (52.9) | |
| HBV | |||||||
| Negative | 33 | (33.0) | 117 | (31.5) | 243 | (40.4) | 0.027 |
| Positive | 5 | (5.0) | 31 | (8.4) | 51 | (8.5) | |
| Unknown | 62 | (62.0) | 223 | (60.1) | 307 | (51.1) | |
| HCV | |||||||
| Negative | 11 | (11.0) | 58 | (15.6) | 109 | (18.1) | 0.044 |
| Positive | 35 | (35.0) | 106 | (28.6) | 210 | (34.9) | |
| Unknown | 54 | (54.0) | 207 | (55.8) | 282 | (46.9) | |
| HIV before/at TB | |||||||
| Yes | 96 | (96.0) | 329 | (88.7) | 556 | (92.5) | 0.027 |
| HIV at least 3 months before TB3 | 72 | (75.0) | 258 | (78.4) | 396 | (71.2) | 0.060 |
| Prior AIDS3 | |||||||
| Yes | 39 | (40.6) | 112 | (34.0) | 161 | (29.0) | 0.043 |
| On cART3 | 16 | (16.7) | 74 | (22.5) | 87 | (15.7) | 0.035 |
| Viral load4 (<400 cp/mL) | 7 | (21.9) | 32 | (26.9) | 27 | (13.8) | 0.016 |
|
| |||||||
| Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | ||
|
| |||||||
| Age (years) | 33 | 28–40 | 33 | 28–41 | 33 | 28–39 | 0.37 |
| HIV VL4 (Log10 cp/mL) | 5.0 | 3.5–5.6 | 4.5 | 2.6–5.3 | 4.9 | 4.1–5.6 | 0.0075 |
| CD45 (/mm3) | 113 | 40–269 | 236 | 101–492 | 143 | 58–304 | <0.0001 |
| Time HIV+ (months) | 42 | 3–87 | 38 | 3–76 | 35 | 30–70 | 0.22 |
| Date of TB diagnosis (month/year) | 12/05 | 1/05–4/06 | 6/05 | 9/04–3/06 | 8/05 | 11/04–5/06 | 0.017 |
| TB characteristics | |||||||
| Prior TB6 | |||||||
| Yes | 6 | (6.7) | 39 | (11.5) | 44 | (7.7) | 0.11 |
| Disseminated TB | 77 | (77.0) | — | — | 515 | (85.7) | 0.038** |
| Certainty of TB diagnosis | |||||||
| Definite | 4612 | (46.0) | 244 | (65.8) | 358 | (59.6) | 0.0037 |
| Probable | 24 | (24.0) | 43 | (11.6) | 96 | (16.0) | |
| Presumptive | 30 | (30.0) | 84 | (22.6) | 147 | (24.5) | |
| Symptoms | |||||||
| Yes | 99 | (99.0) | 345 | (93.0) | 577 | (96.0) | 0.018 |
| Fever | 81 | (81.8) | 269 | (78.6) | 490 | (84.8) | 0.033 |
| Weight loss | 51 | (51.5) | 177 | (51.3) | 342 | (59.3) | 0.041 |
| Cough with expectorate | 26 | (26.3) | 229 | (66.4) | 201 | (34.8) | <0.0001 |
| Dry cough | 12 | (12.1) | 59 | (17.1) | 132 | (22.9) | 0.013 |
| Other | 79 | (79.8) | 161 | (46.7) | 357 | (61.9) | <0.0001 |
| Anti-TB drug resistance | |||||||
| H-resistant7 | |||||||
| Yes | 7 | (33.3) | 24 | (25.0) | 18 | (13.0) | 0.016 |
| Multidrug resistant7 | |||||||
| Yes | 5 | (23.8) | 14 | (14.7) | 8 | (5.8) | 0.011 |
| Initial anti-TB treatment | |||||||
| RHZ | 51 | (51.0) | 246 | (66.3) | 367 | (61.1) | 0.016 |
| On 1st line drugs only8 | 35 | (35.0) | 209 | (56.3) | 307 | (51.1) | 0.0007 |
| On 2nd line drug (s)9 | 65 | (65.0) | 162 | (43.7) | 294 | (48.9) | |
|
| |||||||
| Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | ||
|
| |||||||
| Time since prior TB10 (months) | 123 | 72–153 | 46 | 32–71 | 93 | 30–141 | 0.017 |
| Weight11 (kg) | 62 | 52–68 | 61 | 53–69 | 60 | 52–72 | 0.95 |
1Data available for 1043 (97.3%) at baseline. 2996 (92.9%) at baseline. 3Of 981 HIV positive at baseline. 4347 patients (35.4%) of those HIV positive at baseline. 5788 (80.3%) of those HIV+ at baseline. 6Of those where information about prior TB diagnosis is known, N = 1001. 7Data on resistance available for 256 patients. 8Ethambutol or streptomycin plus RHZ. 9Any other TB drug. 10Of those with a previous TB diagnosis. 11Of 703 (65.6%) with weight measured within 1 year of TB diagnosis. 12 Mtb documented in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for 38 patients—microscopy (24), PCR (7), and/or culture (17). H: isoniazid, R: rifamycin, and Z: pyrazinamide.
Baseline was defined as the date of TB diagnosis.
*Global P values comparing all three disease groups (TBM, TBP, and TBEP).
**The P value compares TBM and TBEP (by definition TBP cannot be disseminated).
IDU: injection drug user, HBV: hepatitis B, HCV: hepatitis C, HIV before/at TB: HIV diagnosed before TB diagnosis, HIV at least 3 months before TB: HIV diagnosed at least 3 months before TB diagnosis, VL: viral load, and time HIV+: number of months the patients have been HIV+ (Median).