Table 1.
Mean ± SE (in parentheses: total over all traps) species richness (S) and activity density (A) of predator groups per treatment and significance levels of effects of wildflower strip (ΔS), companion plants (ΔF) and distance from the wildflower strip (ΔD)
| Without companion plants | With companion plants | Strip | ΔS | ΔF | ΔD | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | Far | Close | Far | |||||||||||
| Carabids | S | 5.9 ± 0.6 (14) | 4.3 ± 0.3 (11) | 6.1 ± 0.3 (12) | 5.9 ± 0.5 (15) | 9.1 ± 1.0 (19) | *** | * | * | |||||
| A | 18.6 ± 1.8 (149) | 13.5 ± 1.4 (108) | 22.1 ± 2.2 (177) | 19.6 ± 2.1 (157) | 34.4 ± 3.7 (275) | *** | ||||||||
| Staphylinids | S | 8.6 ± 0.6 (24) | 5.6 ± 0.5 (20) | 7.8 ± 0.8 (24) | 5.8 ± 0.4 (15) | 5.6 ± 0.6 (16) | *** | |||||||
| A | 85.0 ± 25.4 (680) | 66.9 ± 25.9 (535) | 91.1 ± 31.5 (729) | 72.9 ± 24.9 (583) | 9.6 ± 1.8 (77) | * | ||||||||
| Spiders | S | 5.5 ± 0.4 (12) | 5.3 ± 0.4 (13) | 5.6 ± 0.4 (14) | 5.4 ± 0.7 (14) | 6.6 ± 0.3 (16) | * | |||||||
| A | 27.9 ± 1.7 (223) | 24.9 ± 4.4 (199) | 29.0 ± 2.8 (232) | 20.8 ± 2.1 (166) | 21.6 ± 3.2 (173) | |||||||||
Means over traps pooled per plot and all sampling dates, all n = 8.
ΔS, difference between wildflower strip and combined field treatments.
ΔF, effect of companion plant in the field plots.
ΔD, effect of distance from strip (close vs far) in the field plots.
*
P < 0.001
**
P < 0.01
***
P < 0.052; empty, not significant