Figure 3. Production of various cytokines by T cells with or without co-cultivation with MIS-MΦs.

TCR-stimulated T cells were cultured with or without a monolayer culture of MIS-MΦs under either the Th17 polarizing condition or non-Th17 skewing condition. Culture fluids were harvested after 5-day cultivation and measured for the concentrations of test cytokines, including IL-1β (a), IL-6 (b), IL-13 (c), IL-17 (d), IL-21 (e), IL-22 (f), IFN-γ (g), and TGF-β (h) by ELISA. Data are representative of multiple experiments; error bars, s.e.m.; *p < 0.01 (Bonferroni's multiple t-test).