Table 1.
Characteristics of OSA and control subjects.
| Variable type | Variables | OSA (Mean ± SD) [A] |
Controls (Mean ± SD) [B] |
[A] vs [B] p values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | Age (years) | 46.4 ± 8.8 (n = 43) |
47.4 ± 8.9 (n = 61) |
0.56 |
| Gender (Male:Female) | 31:12 | 39:22 | 0.38 | |
| Biophysical | BMI (kg/m2) | 30.1 ± 5.2 (n = 43) |
24.8 ± 3.7 (n = 61) |
< 0.001* |
| Sleep | AHI (events/h) | 31.4 ± 19.3 (n = 43) |
– | – |
| ESS | 10.3 ± 4.9 (n = 43) |
5.5 ± 3.5 (n = 61) |
< 0.001* | |
| PSQI | 9.3 ± 4.0 (n = 43) |
3.8 ± 2.5 (n = 61) |
< 0.001* | |
| O2 saturation | Baseline SaO2 (%) | 96.3 ± 2 (n = 40) |
– | – |
| SaO2 nadir (%) | 77.9 ± 10.3 (n = 36) |
– | – | |
| SaO2 nadir change (%) | 18.3 ± 10.6 (n = 36) |
– | – | |
| Obstructive length of nadir (s) | 40.6 ± 21.4 (n = 30) |
– | – | |
| Neuropsychological | BDI-II | 9.3 ± 8.3 (n = 43) |
3.9 ± 4.4 (n = 61) |
< 0.001* |
| BAI | 10.7 ± 12.4 (n = 43) |
3.9 ± 5.0 (n = 61) |
0.001* | |
| Brain (volume) | Gray matter (mm3) | 700,469.7 ± 73,557.7 (n = 43) |
713,303.3 ± 77,941.7 (n = 61) |
0.40 |
| White matter (mm3) | 445,347.5 ± 56,252.4 (n = 43) |
458,578.8 ± 63,000.5 (n = 61) |
0.27 | |
| CSF (mm3) | 315,275.5 ± 167,583.0 (n = 43) |
298,249.2 ± 175,544.6 (n = 61) |
0.62 | |
| TIV (mm3) | 1,461,092.6 ± 206,276.6 (n = 43) |
1,470,131.3 ± 199,550.1 (n = 61) |
0.82 | |
| Putamen (volume) | Left putamen (mm3) | 4146.6 ± 666.0 4117.9 ± 461.6 (n = 43) |
3909.1 ± 502.4 3929.3 ± 461.1 (n = 61) |
0.041 0.043** |
| Right putamen (mm3) | 4152.8 ± 654.5 4125.2 ± 465.2 (n = 43) |
3897.6 ± 487.8 3917.0 ± 472.3 (n = 61) |
0.025 0.027** |
|
| Putamen (MD values) | Left putamen (× 10− 6 mm2/s) | 803.17 ± 75.64 802.58 ± 84.52 n = 19 |
870.00 ± 92.30 870.50 ± 84.48 n = 21 |
0.017 0.016## |
| Right putamen (× 10− 6 mm2/s) | 784.75 ± 67.94 784.23 ± 91.68 n = 19 |
889.12 ± 112.18 889.58 ± 91.65 n = 21 |
0.001 0.001## |
SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; AHI, apnea–hypopnea-index; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SaO2, O2 saturation; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory II; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; TIV, total intracranial volume; *, equal variances not assumed; **, p value adjusted for age, gender, and TIV; ##, p value controlled for age and gender.