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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Tissue Viability. 2013 Jun 10;22(4):92–102. doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2013.04.003

Figure 4. Examples of cutaneous microthrombotic ulcers.

Figure 4

Necrosis and livedo reticularis should always raise the suspicion of an obstruction of small blood vessels as illustrated in the following examples. A: This Caucasian man with antiphospholipid syndrome has extensive livedo reticularis and very painful ulcers. B: In this case, the underlying condition is cryoglobulinemia. Concomitant hepatitis C infection should always be excluded. Patients often need therapy with systemic immunosuppressive agents. C: Cyrofibrinogenemia was diagnosed in this 87-year-old man with multiple medical problems by plasma measurements and histology. His ulcer healed with stanozolol (which is no longer commercially available, danazol is the alternative). D: This women’s thigh shows livedo reticularis and necrotic ulcers. Histology would show deposition of calcium crystals in the wall of blood vessels.