Table I.
Demographics for patients in the Vascular Study Group of New England cohort 2003–2011, stratified according to postoperative myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or neither
| Covariate | Total (n = 8315), No. (%) | No MI or stroke (n = 8171), No. (%) | MI (n = 81), No. (%) | Stroke (n = 63), No. (%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, years | .05 | ||||
| <60 | 1260 (15.2) | 1242 (15.2) | 7 (8.6) | 11 (17.5) | |
| 60–69 | 2693 (32.4) | 2647 (32.4) | 34 (42) | 12 (19.1) | |
| 70–79 | 3088 (37.1) | 3035 (37.1) | 29 (35.8) | 24 (38.1) | |
| >80 | 1274 (15.3) | 1247 (15.3) | 11 (13.6) | 16 (25.4) | |
| Male sex | 5000 (60.1) | 4924 (60.3) | 38 (46.9) | 38 (60.3) | .05 |
| White race | 8180 (98.4) | 8039 (98.4) | 80 (98.8) | 61 (96.8) | .6 |
| Preoperative factors | |||||
| Smoking status | .63 | ||||
| Never | 1676 (20.2) | 1651 (20.2) | 13 (16.1) | 12 (19.1) | |
| Former/current | 6628 (79.8) | 6509 (79.8) | 68 (84) | 51 (81) | |
| COPD | <.0001 | ||||
| None/not treated | 7179 (86.4) | 7063 (86.5) | 63 (77.8) | 53 (84) | |
| Medications | 994 (12) | 974 (12) | 10 (12.4) | 10 (15.9) | |
| Home oxygen | 141 (1.7) | 133 (1.6) | 8 (9.9) | 0 (0) | |
| CAD | .02 | ||||
| None | 5607 (67.5) | 5520 (67.6) | 42 (51.9) | 45 (71.4) | |
| History of MI/stable angina | 2540 (30.6) | 2488 (30.5) | 35 (43.2) | 17 (27) | |
| Unstable angina; MI ≤6 months | 165 (2) | 160 (2) | 4 (5) | 1 (1.6) | |
| Congestive heart failure | 700 (8.4) | 677 (8.3) | 17 (21) | 6 (9.5) | .0002 |
| Hypertension | 7288 (87.7) | 7154 (87.6) | 74 (91.4) | 60 (95.2) | .11 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2601 (31.3) | 2540 (31.1) | 39 (48.2) | 22 (34.9) | .004 |
| Renal function | .05 | ||||
| Creatinine ≤1.8 mg/dL | 7596 (94.1) | 7469 (94.2) | 69 (87.3) | 58 (95.1) | |
| Creatinine >1.8 mg/dL | 429 (5.3) | 416 (5.3) | 10 (12.7) | 3 (4.9) | |
| Dialysis-dependent | 45 (0.6) | 45 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Contralateral ICA stenosis | .41 | ||||
| <50% | 4350 (52.4) | 4281 (52.4) | 38 (46.9) | 31 (49.2) | |
| 50%–69% | 1752 (21.1) | 1723 (21.1) | 20 (24.7) | 9 (14.3) | |
| 70%–80% | 832 (10) | 819 (10) | 8 (9.9) | 5 (7.9) | |
| >80% | 521 (6.3) | 508 (6.2) | 7 (8.6) | 6 (9.5) | |
| Occluded | 571 (6.9) | 558 (6.8) | 6 (7.4) | 7 (11.1) | |
| Unknown | 281 (3.4) | 274 (3.4) | 2 (2.5) | 5 (7.9) | |
| Preoperative medications | |||||
| Antiplatelet agents | 7498 (90.2) | 7368 (90.2) | 75 (92.6) | 55 (87.3) | .57 |
| β-blockers | 6492 (78.1) | 6373 (78) | 69 (85.2) | 50 (79.4) | .29 |
| Statins | 6359 (76.5) | 6244 (76.4) | 67 (82.7) | 48 (76.2) | .61 |
| Operative factors | |||||
| General anesthesia | 6903 (83) | 6782 (83) | 71 (87.7) | 50 (79.4) | .4 |
| Heparin | 8250 (99.2) | 8108 (99.3) | 79 (97.5) | 63 (100) | .16 |
| Protamine | 4173 (50.2) | 4093 (50.1) | 45 (55.6) | 35 (55.6) | .43 |
| Procedure type | .002 | ||||
| CAS | 481 (5.8) | 468 (5.7) | 3 (3.7) | 10 (15.9) | |
| CEA | 7834 (94.2) | 7703 (94.3) | 78 (96.3) | 53 (84.1) | |
| Symptomatic | 2933 (35.3) | 2865 (35.1) | 33 (40.7) | 35 (55.5) | .002 |
CAD, Coronary artery disease; CAS, carotid artery stenting; CEA, carotid endarterectomy; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICA, internal carotid artery.