Figure 7. Induction of innate cytokines by Wolbachia-derived antigens.
Isolated PBMCs (2×105/well) from NEN or filarial infected MF+ or a-MF patients were stimulated with either wPAL (5 µg/ml) (A and C) or WSP (5 µg/ml) (B and D), for 72 hours. Thereafter, levels of IL-6 (A and B) and TNF (C and D) were measured in the culture supernatants via ELISA. Data are plotted as fold increase over unstimulated controls. Graphs show box whiskers with median, interquartile ranges and outliers. Statistical significances between the indicated groups were obtained after Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.