Table 2. Summary of regression analysis between MF+ and a-MF patients.
| Parameter | Stimulus | Associations with Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis |
| αCD3/αCD28 | MF/mg *, IVM 12 months ** | — | |
| IL-5 | OV | MF/mg **, MF+ **, IVM 12 months ** | MF/mg (neg. correlation, p<0.001) |
| BmFE | MF/mg **, MF+ * | MF/mg (neg. correlation, p = 0.017) | |
| BmFEtet | MF/mg **, MF+ * | MF/mg(neg. correlation, p = 0.004) | |
| IL-13 | αCD3/αCD28 | MF/mg **, MF+ * | — |
| αCD3/αCD28 | C∶A **, MF+ *, IVM 12 months ** | C∶A (C↓A↑, p = 0.013) | |
| OV | C∶A **, MF+ **, IIT ** | IIT (neg. correlation, p = 0.011) | |
| IL-10 | BmFE | MF+ **, IIT ** | MF-positive (pos↑neg↓, p = 0.005) |
| BmFEtet | MF+ **, IIT ** | IIT (neg. correlation, p = 0.003) | |
| PPD | C∶A *, MF+ **, IIT * | — | |
| LPS | C∶A **, MF+ *, IIT * | C∶A (C↓A↑, p = 0.016) | |
| OV | C∶A (C↓A↑, p = 0.001) | nd | |
| BmFEtet | IIT (neg. correlation, p = 0.014) | nd | |
| IL-6 | wPAL | C∶A **, IVM 12 months ** | C∶A (C↓A↑, p<0.001) |
| WSP | C∶A(C↓A↑, p = 0.007) | nd | |
| PPD | C∶A **, IVM 12 months ** | C∶A (C↓A↑, p = 0.001) | |
| LPS | C∶A **, MF+ *, IVM 12 months ** | C∶A (C↓A↑, p = 0.015) | |
| BmFE | IIT **, IVM 12 months ** | — | |
| BmFEtet | IIT (neg. Correlation, p = 0.02) | nd | |
| TNF | wPAL | C∶A **, MF+ ** | C∶A (C↓A↑, p = 0.01) |
| WSP | C∶A(C↓A↑, p = 0.038) | nd | |
| LPS | C∶A **, MF+ * | — | |
| αCD3/αCD28 | C∶A **, MF/mg **, MF+ **, IIT **, IVM 12 months ** | C∶A (C↓A↑, p<0.001) | |
| IL-17 | OV | C∶A *, IIT ** | — |
| BmFEtet | C∶A **, IIT *, IVM 12 months * | C∶A (C↓A↑, p = 0.01) | |
| PPD | C∶A **, MF+ * | C∶A (C↓A↑, p = 0.017) | |
| LPS | C∶A **, IIT **, IVM 12 months ** | C∶A (C↓A↑, p = 0.001) | |
| IFN-γ | PPD | MF-positive (pos↓neg↑, p = 0.032) | |
| In situ (plasma) | |||
| IgE | — | nd | |
| IgG4 | C∶A(C↓A↑, p = 0.036) | nd | |
| IL-5 | MF/mg **, MF+ **, IIT **, IVM 12 months ** | MF/mg (pos. correlation, p<0.001) | |
| Neutrophils | MF/mg *, MF+ **, IIT * | MF-positive (pos↓neg↑, p = 0.02) | |
| Eosinophils | MF/mg **, MF+ **, IIT ** | MF/mg (pos. correlation, p<0.001) | |
| ECP | MF/mg **, MF+ ** | MF/mg (pos. correlation, p<0.001) | |
C∶A denotes the Central∶Ashanti regional covariate. IIT denotes the number of times an individual had received IVM therapy.
denotes p<0.1.
denotes p<0.05.
‘nd’ denotes that only one covariate was below p<0.1 and therefore no multivariable analysis was done. ‘—’ denotes that no dominant factor was found in the multivariable analysis. Data were assessed using a generalized linear model analysis using the parameters “IIT”, “IVM intake within the last 12 months”, “MF-positivity”, “microfilarial density - Mf/mg” and “Central∶Ashanti” as covariates. The latter denotes a regional distribution covariate consisting of 14 villages (82 participants) in the Central region and 10 villages (128 individuals) in the Ashanti region. If more than one covariate had a p<0.1 following univariate analysis (depicted in italics), a further multivariable stage was conducted in order to identify the highest correlating factor.