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. 2014 Feb 20;10(2):e1003942. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003942

Figure 5. Death and axes: phenologous responses evoked by PZQ in different organisms.

Figure 5

(A) Proposed model depicting phenology between PZQ-evoked outcomes in planarians (brown) and schistosomes (grey, adult worm depicted). In both organisms, we suggest PZQ evoked Ca2+ entry (blue) couples to dopaminergic signals that promote outcomes (green, head regeneration/paralysis) that are antagonized by serotonergic signals coupling to opposing phenotypes (red, tail regeneration/hyperactivity). (B) In planarians (bottom), a broad array of voltage-gated entry channels permits subfunctionalization of PZQ-evoked Cav1A activity (blue) to yield a physiological exploitable Ca2+ influx. In contrast, schistosomes (top) are more vulnerable to PZQ-evoked Cav1A activity, as these parasites possess a more limited repertoire of voltage-sensitive influx channels, lacking Nav and LVA Cav channels. Sequence identifiers - Dugesia japonica: Cav 1A (AEJ87267), Cav 1A (AEJ87268), Cav 2A (AEJ87269), Cav 2B (AEJ87270), Cav3 (AEJ87271), Nav1 (FY933419), Nav2 (FY957659). Schistosoma mansoni: Cav 1A (Smp_020270), Cav 1B (Smp_159990), Cav 2A (Smp_020170) & Cav2B (Smp_004730).