Table 2. Case series published in the English literature since 2000 for renal arterial embolization performed in the setting of renal cell carcinoma, in order of year of publication, number of patients, indication for embolization, conclusions, and study limitations.

First author	Year of publication	Number of patients	Indication	Study conclusions	Study limitations
Zielinski17	2000	118	Preoperative	RAE with improved overall 5- and 10-y survival as compared with 116 case-matched controls (62 vs. 47, 35 vs. 23%) particularly for T2, T3, and node-positive disease	Single center Variability in time delay from embolization to surgery (Only 56% performed 1–3 d before surgery) Variability in embolization agents
Onishi22	2001	24	Palliation	RAE effective in palliation with 75% improvement in symptoms and increased overall survival (229 vs. 116 d) compared with similar controls	7-mo overall survival of RAE poorer than 17.8 mo reported for cytoreductive nephrectomy, though cohort of this study had poorer performance status
Munro21	2003	25	Palliation	RAE effective in palliation with 70% improvement in symptoms
Maxwell19	2007	19	Palliation	RAE effective for palliation with 18/19 symptom control
Schwartz15	2007	121	66 preoperative 15 AML 13 vascular lesions 8 palliation 19 other	RAE well tolerated with minimal complications, and suggestion of improved intraoperative times and decreased blood loss in the perioperative setting	Outcomes study with no matched controls for comparison
May16	2009	227	Preoperative	RAE with no difference in overall survival and trend toward worsened cancer-specific survival as compared with oncologic matched controls	Poor control matching with controls taken from 1992 to 2006 as compared with a RAE historical group (1992–1997) Coils used as the sole embolic agent in 95% of cases
Subramanian18	2009	135	Preoperative advanced stage RCC with IVC involvement	RAE with no measurable benefit in reducing blood loss or perioperative complications, with increased perioperative mortality and trend toward increased transfusion requirement	Poor control matching with embolization group with increased ASA scores in 3–4 (97 vs. 90%), increased vascular tumor thrombus extent (66 vs. 48%) level III–IV, and use of vascular bypass (52 vs. 28%)
Mukund20	2010	8	Palliation	88% effective at palliation of symptoms	Small series of case reports

Abbreviations: AML, angiomyolipoma; IVC, inferior vena cava; RAE, renal artery embolization; RCC, renal cell carcinoma.