Table 1.
Anthropometric characteristics and indicators of accelerometer-based MVPA during 2-day monitoring (median (full ranges)) of 9- and 11-year-old overweight/obese and normal-weight children
| Girls (n = 170) | Boys (n = 168) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal-weight (n = 128) | d | Overweight/obese (n = 42) | Normal-weight (n = 110) | d | Overweight/obese (n = 58) | |
| Anthropometric data | ||||||
| Age (years) | 9.84 (11.18–8.69) | 0.29 | 9.41 (11.21–8.58) | 9.99 (11.28–8.67) | 0.09 | 10.04 (11.12–8.87) |
| Body height (cm) | 140.50 (159.00–125.00) | 0.08 | 142.00 (150.00–131.00) | 142.00 (159.00–128.00) | 0.56 | 148.00 (160.00–127.00)*** |
| Body weight (kg) | 31.00 (43.00–22.00) | 1.33 | 43.00 (52.00–34.00)*** | 32.00 (45.00–22.00) | 1.39 | 46.00 (70.00–30.00)*** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 15.79 (19.63–12.25) | 1.48 | 21.22 (24.06–18.77)*** | 15.87 (18.88–13.20) | 1.62 | 20.41 (27.34–16.86)*** |
| Step count — (number) | ||||||
| Before school | 806 (3,052–17) | 0.11 | 906 (2,740–21) | 810 (3,153–22) | 0.24 | 1,021 (2,387–73) |
| At school | 2,240 (6,392–511) | 0.01 | 2,209 (6,653–968) | 2,969 (8,691–669) | 0.18 | 2,585 (6,924–729) |
| PEL | 1,590 (2,759–615) | 0.11 | 1,538 (2,447–805) | 1,590 (3,212–803) | 0.14 | 1,505 (2,920–785) |
| Other lessons | 632 (3,374–230) | 0.25 | 815 (4,183–190) | 825 (5,314–228) | 0.12 | 740 (4,882–248) |
| Recesses | 743 (2,449–108) | 0.07 | 712 (2,741–289) | 981 (5,323–221) | 0.10 | 871 (2,226–243) |
| After school | 6,203 (17,574–729) | 0.08 | 6,161 (9,623–1,594) | 6,161 (16,102–662) | 0.30 | 5,729 (13,125–725) |
| All day | 9,738 (20,559–1,816) | 0.01 | 9,872 (13,750–3,970) | 10,629 (23,663–3,829) | 0.32 | 9,430 (18,257–3,579)* |
| Duration of MVPA — time >2,296 counts/min (min) | ||||||
| Before school | 1.50 (18.75–0.00) | 0.25 | 2.55 (19.50–0.07) | 2.00 (24.75–0.00) | 0.06 | 2.32 (15.75–0.07) |
| At school | 10.00 (73.18–2.16) | 0.08 | 11.65 (31.45–1.91) | 14.32 (63.34–1.95) | 0.24 | 9.15 (39.75–1.91) |
| PEL | 9.95 (19.00–0.75) | 0.04 | 9.95 (20.00–1.25) | 10.12 (31.25–4.50) | 0.11 | 9.95 (21.00–0.00) |
| Other lessons | 2.30 (21.75–0.50) | 0.02 | 1.84 (15.00–0.82) | 3.00 (33.75–0.50) | 0.21 | 1.97 (22.50–0.75) |
| Recesses | 2.75 (59.80–0.50) | 0.09 | 3.00 (15.00–0.00) | 3.54 (31.25–0.50) | 0.21 | 2.72 (27.25–0.82) |
| After school | 26.89 (85.72–0.00) | 0.10 | 25.96 (115.84–0.00) | 31.40 (104.74–0.00) | 0.40 | 16.83 (134.31–0.40)* |
| All day | 42.90 (112.23–5.49) | 0.12 | 43.42 (139.58–8.91) | 52.42 (129.85–7.92) | 0.45 | 34.68 (162.90–7.64)** |
| Heart-rate response — time >60 % of the maximal age-related heart rate (min) | ||||||
| Before school | 4.50 (60.26–0.00) | 0.20 | 8.71 (37.79–0.00) | 2.25 (42.24–0.00) | 0.02 | 3.12 (37.50–0.00) |
| At school | 13.86 (114.25–0.00) | 0.14 | 19.00 (122.50–0.00) | 23.75 (214.00–0.00) | 0.23 | 13.48 (136.25–0.00) |
| PEL | 16.25 (41.75–0.00) | 0.15 | 18.50 (38.75–0.00) | 20.25 (44.25–0.00) | 0.02 | 16.75 (42.00–0.00) |
| Other lessons | 2.38 (87.50–0.00) | 0.29 | 5.00 (68.25–0.00) | 3.88 (90.00–0.00) | 0.27 | 1.75 (67.75–0.00) |
| Recesses | 3.25 (52.75–0.00) | 0.16 | 3.88 (38.50–0.00) | 5.25 (79.75–0.00) | 0.04 | 4.50 (32.50–0.00) |
| After school | 46.60 (313.74–0.00) | 0.30 | 66.71 (344.88–0.00)* | 33.96 (332.28–0.00) | 0.02 | 20.19 (289.30–0.00) |
| All day | 82.61 (383.44–6.25) | 0.32 | 120.42 (465.67–16.68)* | 73.87 (334.93–0.49) | 0.08 | 54.45 (355.25–2.50) |
n number of participants, BMI body mass index, PEL physical education lesson, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, d effect size coefficients for the Mann–Whitney test
Statistical significance (Mann–Whitney test) for the differences between the overweight/obese and normal-weight children in anthropometric variables is expressed as: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.001