. 2013 Nov 16;34(1):10–22. doi: 10.1007/s10875-013-9954-6

Table IV.

Warning signs of PIDD for pulmonologists

Clinical occurrences	PIDD	Laboratory tests
Pneumonias due to extracellular bacteria + otitis and sinusitis	Antibody deficiencies	AMI
	Complement deficiencies	C, ANA
Pulmonary abscess Pneumatocele	Hyper IgE syndrome (HIES) Features: pneumonia by S aureus, eczema, fungal infection, joint hypermobility, coarse facial features	Serum IgE, eosinophilia Specific Score^a
Pneumonias due to Staphylococcus or fungi	Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD): susceptibility to infections by catalase positive microorganisms. Other infections: adenitis, liver abscess, osteomyelitis	P
	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency Myeloperoxidase deficiency (common in diabetes)	G6PD activity Peroxidase level
	HIES	Serum IgE, eosinophilia Specific Score^a
Pneumonia due to P jiroveci	T cell deficiencies/CD4⁺ lymphopenia	CMI, AMI Lymphoproliferation assay
	CD40 ligand (L) deficiency	AMI, CMI
	Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), eczema + thrombocytopenia	CBC including platelet number and size (small sized platelets); CMI, AMI
Pneumonia due to Mycobacteria tuberculosis or atypical mycobacteria	T cell deficiencies/CD40L deficiency	CMI, AMI
	Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases	II

Abbreviations: AMI antibody mediated immunity, ANA antinuclear antibodies, CBC complete blood count, CMI cellular mediated immunity, II innate immunity, P phagocytosis

^aScore for classical Hyper IgE diagnosis [26]