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. 2013 Aug 31;29(1):9–17. doi: 10.1007/s11011-013-9428-9

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Supposed vicious cycle in GLN synthesis and breakdown in pathogenesis of hyperammonemia in liver injury. Enhanced ammonia concentration due to impaired detoxification to urea in the liver activates GLN synthesis in skeletal muscle and in the brain leading to enhanced GLN catabolism to ammonia in enterocytes and the kidneys, and to subsequent increase in ammonia levels in the blood