Table 1.

Patients’ evaluation of transnasal endoscopy and transoral endoscopy by visual analog scale (mean ± SD)[34]

Evaluation criteria	TOE	TNE
Pain inside the nosea	1.2 ± 0.7	3.4 ± 1.9
Pain in the throata	4.3 ± 2.5	1.7 ± 0.8
Retching and breathlessness feelinga	5.4 ± 3.1	2.1 ± 1.4
Abdominal discomfort and paina	3.9 ± 1.7	2.3 ± 1.2
Tolerabilitya	4.8 ± 2.4	2.6 ± 2.1
Overall distress and difficultya	4.4 ± 2.9	3.1 ± 1.8

TNE: Transnasal endoscopy; TOE: Transoral endoscopy. Visual analog scale: 0 = none; 10 = unbearable.

^aP < 0.05.