Table 3.
Case-control studies included in the meta-analysis
| Study | Study location | All subjects | CRC cases | OR | 95%CI | Control for potential confounding factors2 |
| Deshpande[62], 2013 | United States | 73472 | 36736 | 0.96 | 0.89-1.05 | 1-4 |
| Broughton et al[64], 2012 | United Kingdom | 233 | 101 | 0.43 | 0.25-0.80 | 1, 2, 5-8 |
| Lakha et al[63], 2012 | United Kingdom | 603 | 309 | 0.33 | 0.15-0.69 | 1-3, 9-15 |
| Cheng et al[65], 2011 | Taiwan | 5780 | 1156 | 1.09 | 0.91-1.30 | 1-3, 5, 8, 9, 16-21 |
| Vinogradova et al[26], 2011 | United Kingdom | 60373 | 11749 | 1.07 | 1.00-1.15 | 1-3, 7, 9, 11, 12, 22-27 |
| Robertson et al[66], 2010 | Denmark | 109769 | 9979 | 0.87 | 0.80-0.96 | 1, 2, 5-7, 9, 10, 19 |
| Hachem et al[68], 2009 | United States | 30400 | 6080 | 0.91 | 0.86-0.96 | 1-4, 9, 16, 19, 20, 28, 29 |
| Shadman et al[67], 2009 | United States | 2044 | 669 | 1.17 | 0.74-1.85 | 1, 4, 11, 12, 30-33 |
| Boudreau et al[70], 2008 | United States | 1330 | 665 | 1.02 | 0.65-1.59 | 1, 2, 5, 9, 11, 12, 32 |
| Yang et al[69], 2008 | United Kingdom | 48724 | 4432 | 1.10 | 0.50-2.20 | 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 32, 34 |
| Hoffmeister et al[71], 2007 | Germany | 1154 | 540 | 0.69 | 0.45-1.06 | 1, 2, 4-7, 9, 11, 12, 30-32, 35-37 |
| Coogan et al[72], 2007 | United States | 3618 | 1809 | 0.92 | 0.78-1.09 | 1, 2, 4, 9, 10 |
| Li et al[73], 2006 | United States | 741 | 3391 | 0.8 | 0.34-1.87 | 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 30, 38 |
| Poynter et al[25], 2005 | Israel | 3968 | 1953 | 0.53 | 0.38-0.74 | 1, 2, 9, 30, 36, 39-41 |
| Rubin et al[74], 2005 | United States | 387240 | 18440 | 0.92 | 0.89-0.96 | 1, 2, 4, 9, 17, 42-45 |
| Kaye et al[76], 2004 | United Kingdom | 18088 | 3291 | 1.0 | 0.6-1.7 | 1, 2, 11, 12, 42 |
| Graaf et al[77], 2004 | Netherlands | 20105 | 2921 | 0.87 | 0.48-1.57 | 1, 2, 5, 9, 17, 18, 32, 34, 46-49 |
| Khurana et al[75], 2004 | United States | 534273 | 53391 | 0.94 | 0.89-1.00 | 1, 2, 6, 9, 12, 38, 50 |
| Blais et al[78], 2000 | Canada | 5962 | 561 | 0.83 | 0.37-1.89 | 1, 2, 14, 18, 34, 46 |
Figures for colon cancer rather than colorectal cancer;
1: Age; 2: Sex; 3: Inflammatory bowel disease; 4: Colonoscopy; 5: Diabetes; 6: Alcohol use; 7: Use of aspirin; 8: Use of metformin; 9: Use of NSAIDs; 10: Precinct of residence; 11: Body mass index; 12: Smoking status; 13: Physical activity level; 14: History of neoplasia; 15: Family history of cancer; 16: Fecal occult blood; 17: Prior hospitalizations; 18: Other lipid-lowering therapy; 19: Cholecystectomy; 20: Liver disease; 21: Colorectal polyps; 22: History of heart attack; 23: Hypertension; 24: Coronary heart disease; 25: Socioeconomic status; 26: Rheumatoid arthritis; 27: Use of COX-2 inhibitors; 28: Diabetic nephropathy; 29: Use of sulfonylurea; 30: Family history of colorectal cancer; 31: Education; 32: Hormone replacement therapy; 33: Calendar year; 34: Duration of follow-up; 35: Red meat consumption; 36: Hypercholesterolemia; 37: History of rheumatic disease; 38: Race; 39: Ethnic group; 40: Sports participation; 41: Level of vegetable consumption; 42: Number of physician visits; 43: Use of glucocorticosteroids; 44: Use of immunomodulators; 45: Use of 5-aminosalicylic acids; 46: Comorbidity score; 47: Use of diuretics; 48: Use of ACE inhibitors; 49: Use of CCBs; 50: Obesity. CRC: Colorectal cancer.