FIGURE 5.

Deviance detection in humans. Althen et al. (2013) measured the auditory evoked potentials in response to paradigms of different complexity: the simple deviance detection of the frequency oddball paradigm (right) and a more complex “conjunction” paradigm (left), where the standard stimuli consisted of certain frequency-location combinations and the deviants broke that correspondence, combining one frequency with the opposite location. This figure shows the grand-average for 18 subjects, with the data filtered either for the middle latency range (top plots) or the long latency range (lower plots). In the middle latency range, there is a reduced response to the standards compared to the deviants, but only in the oddball condition. In contrast, in the long latency range this reduction of the standards occurs for both conditions. These findings suggest a hierarchy in the detection of deviance. Asterisks indicate significant differences. Reproduced from Althen et al. (2013).