Table 2.
Relationships between adiponectin concentrations and phenotypes including metabolic parameters and body composition
|
Males |
Females |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Correlation coefficient (95% CI)* | p-value | Correlation coefficient (95% CI)* | p-value | |
| Age (year) |
0.250 (0.093, 0.395) |
0.002 |
0.129 (−0.023, 0.275) |
0.095 |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
−0.305 (−0.444, −0.152) |
< 0.001 |
−0.294 (−0.427, −0.150) |
< 0.001 |
| Waist/height ratio |
−0.202 (−0.353, −0.042) |
0.014 |
−0.304 (−0.435, −0.160) |
< 0.001 |
| Body fat (%) |
-0.295 (-0.435, −0.140) |
< 0.001 |
−0.295 (−0.428, −0.151) |
< 0.001 |
| Fat mass (g) |
−0.311 (−0.450, −0.157) |
<0.001 |
−0.329 (−0.458, −0.185) |
< 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) |
0.101 (−0.061, 0.257) |
0.222 |
−0.059 (−0.208, 0.093) |
0.449 |
| DBP (mmHg) |
0.067 (−0.095, 0.225) |
0.419 |
−0.045 (−0.195, 0.107) |
0.559 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) |
−0.174 (−0.326, −0.014) |
0.033 |
−0.095 (−0.243, 0.057) |
0.220 |
| HbA1C (%) |
−0.205 (−0.354, −0.045) |
0.012 |
−0.167 (−0.310, −0.016) |
0.031 |
| Fasting insulin (μU/mL) |
−0.329 (−0.465, −0.178) |
< 0.001 |
−0.428 (−0.544, −0.295) |
< 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR |
−0.339 (−0.474, −0.188) |
< 0.001 |
−0.425 (−0.541, −0.292) |
< 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) |
−0.096 (−0.253, 0.066) |
0.244 |
−0.033 (−0.183, 0.119) |
0.673 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) |
0.425 (0.284, 0.548) |
< 0.001 |
0.354 (0.214, 0.480) |
< 0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) |
−0.399 (−0.526, −0.255) |
< 0.001 |
−0.362 (−0.487, −0.223) |
< 0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) |
−0.184 (−0.335, −0.024) |
0.025 |
−0.087 (−0.236, 0.065) |
0.260 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) |
−0.010 (−0.170, 0.151) |
0.905 |
0.009 (−0.143, 0.160) |
0.909 |
| Testosterone (ng/ml) |
0.122 (−0.040, 0.277) |
0.139 |
−0.183 (−0.325, −0.032) |
0.018 |
| e-GFR (mL/min/per 1.73 m2) |
−0.016 (−0.177, 0.145) |
0.842 |
−0.09 (−0.238, 0.062) |
0.247 |
| Body composition |
|
|
|
|
| Total LBM |
−0.123 (−0.278, 0.039) |
0.136 |
−0.134 (−0.279, 0.018) |
0.084 |
| Arm LBM |
−0.200 (−0.350, −0.041) |
0.014 |
-0.163 (−0.307, −0.012) |
0.034 |
| Leg LBM |
−0.117 (−0.273, 0.045) |
0.156 |
−0.136 (−0.282, 0.015) |
0.078 |
| Arm SM |
−0.229 (−0.376, −0.071) |
0.005 |
−0.146 (−0.291, 0.006) |
0.059 |
| Leg SM |
−0.113 (−0.269, 0.049) |
0.170 |
−0.124 (−0.270, 0.028) |
0.110 |
| Arm BMC |
−0.187 (−0.338, −0.027) |
0.023 |
−0.107 (−0.255, 0.046) |
0.169 |
| Leg BMC |
−0.145 (−0.299, 0.016) |
0.077 |
−0.24 (−0.378, −0.092) |
0.002 |
| Comorbidities on treatment |
|
|
|
|
| Hypertension |
|
0.652 |
|
0.013 |
| Yes |
2.098 (1.966, 2.230) |
|
2.249 (2.148, 2.351) |
|
| No |
2.057 (1.938, 2.176) |
|
2.442 (2.330, 2.555) |
|
| DM |
|
0.002 |
|
0.005 |
| Yes |
1.770 (1.600, 1.940) |
|
2.056 (1.851, 2.261) |
|
| No |
2.142 (2.045, 2.239) |
|
2.382 (2.301, 2.462) |
|
| Dyslipidemia |
|
< 0.001 |
|
0.002 |
| Yes |
1.815 (1.691, 1.939) |
|
2.248 (2.157, 2.338) |
|
| No |
2.269 (2.160, 2.379) |
|
2.499 (2.368, 2.630) |
|
| CVA |
|
0.188 |
|
0.145 |
| Yes |
1.898 (1.705, 2.090) |
|
2.123 (1.808, 2.438) |
|
| No |
2.097 (2.002, 2.193) |
|
2.354 (2.275, 2.433) |
|
| MI |
|
0.630 |
|
0.104 |
| Yes |
2.006 (1.656, 2.356) |
|
1.975 (1.497, 2.453) |
|
| No |
2.084 (1.993, 2.175) |
|
2.350 (2.273, 2.428) |
|
| Lifestyle |
|
|
|
|
| Smoking (pack/year) |
0.102 (−0.060, 0.259) |
0.215 |
0.134 (−0.018, 0.279) |
0.084 |
| Alcohol (g/week) |
−0.009 (−0.170, 0.152) |
0.912 |
0.006 (−0.145, 0.157) |
0.938 |
| Exercise |
|
0.716 |
|
0.451 |
| < 3 times/week |
2.100 (1.991, 2.208) |
|
2.324 (2.243, 2.405) |
|
| 3-4 times/week |
1.982 (1.765, 2.198) |
|
2.548 (2.204, 2.891) |
|
| > 4 times/week | 2.047 (1.849, 2.245) | 2.430 (2.125, 2.734) | ||
*Mean (95% CI) for categorical variables. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, e-GFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, LBM lean body mass, SM skeletal muscle mass, BMC bone mineral content, DM diabetes mellitus, CVA cerebrovascular accident, MI myocardial infarction, CI confidence interval. Adiponectin, insulin, HDL TG and HOMA-IR were log transformed because they were not normally distributed. The data describing comorbidities and treatments were obtained from structured questionnaires.