Table 1.

The associations between physical disorders at baseline and 3-year incidence of DSM-IV substance use disorders.

	Substance use disorder
	Alcohol abuse	Alcohol dependence	Drug abuse	Drug dependence
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics^a only
Circulatory
Arteriosclerosis	1.07 (0.48–2.39)	0.85 (0.28–2.62)	1.42 (0.36–5.65)	1.71 (0.38–7.75)
Coronary heart disease	0.60 (0.34–1.05)	1.54 (0.90–2.65)	1.50 (0.53–4.23)	2.55 (1.38 – 4.73)
Hypertension	0.88 (0.64–1.20)	0.97 (0.73–1.30)	1.71 (1.10–2.65)	1.26 (0.71–2.23)
Other heart disease	0.71 (0.45–1.12)	1.10 (0.71–1.72)	1.15 (0.65–2.05)	2.39 (1.27 – 4.50)
Digestive
Stomach	1.10 (0.76–1.59)	1.28 (0.85–1.95)	1.68 (1.05–2.70)	1.76 (0.84–3.66)
Liver	0.53 (0.11–2.58)	1.80 (0.81–4.01)	2.69 (0.87–8.32)	2.02 (0.64–6.35)
Musculoskeletal
Arthritis	0.91 (0.67–1.24)	0.83 (0.59–1.15)	1.34 (0.84–2.12)	2.01 (1.15 – 3.53)
Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, stress and health risk factors
Circulatory
Arteriosclerosis	1.24 (0.55–2.79)	0.59 (0.19–1.87)	0.64 (0.09–4.44)	1.67 (0.36–7.82)
Coronary heart disease	0.69 (0.40–1.21)	1.43 (0.83–2.47)	1.46 (0.50–4.23)	2.46 (1.31 – 4.62)
Hypertension	1.00 (0.73–1.39)	1.09 (0.80–1.47)	1.74 (1.10–2.74)	1.40 (0.81–2.43)
Other heart disease	0.79 (0.50–1.23)	1.05 (0.69–1.60)	1.14 (0.63–2.08)	2.33 (1.22 – 4.43)
Digestive
Stomach	1.13 (0.78–1.64)	1.32 (0.86–2.01)	1.55 (0.95–2.51)	1.62 (0.76–3.43)
Liver	0.57 (0.11–2.91)	1.99 (0.91–4.38)	2.82 (0.99–8.05)	1.93 (0.62–6.03)
Musculoskeletal
Arthritis	0.93 (0.69–1.27)	0.83 (0.60–1.15)	1.26 (0.78–2.02)	1.93 (1.09 – 3.40)
Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, stress, health risk factors, and comorbid physical and psychiatric disorders
Circulatory
Arteriosclerosis	1.54 (0.65–3.65)	0.53 (0.16–1.72)	0.49 (0.06–4.09)	0.83 (0.16–4.34)
Coronary heart disease	0.69 (0.37–1.30)	1.43 (0.79–2.57)	1.24 (0.35–4.41)	1.50 (0.82–2.74)
Hypertension	1.03 (0.74–1.42)	1.06 (0.78–1.44)	1.65 (1.02–2.67)	1.09 (0.57–2.08)
Other heart disease	0.81 (0.49–1.33)	0.93 (0.58–1.48)	0.86 (0.38–1.92)	1.56 (0.77–3.15)
Digestive
Stomach	1.14 (0.79–1.65)	1.29 (0.85–1.97)	1.39 (0.84–2.29)	1.26 (0.55–2.90)
Liver	0.56 (0.11–2.88)	1.77 (0.80–3.95)	2.27 (0.78–6.61)	1.25 (0.41–3.80)
Musculoskeletal
Arthritis	0.92 (0.68–1.26)	0.76 (0.54–1.06)	1.09 (0.66–1.82)	1.61 (0.85–3.06)

Numbers in bold print indicate statistical significance, α < 0.05.

Sociodemographic characteristics considered were gender, age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, income, urbanicity and census region.