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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2012 Nov 26;21(3):281–290. doi: 10.1177/2047487312465688

Table 3. Associations between 25(OH)D3 measured during childhood (at mean age 7.4, 9.8 or 11.7 years) and cardiovascular risk factors measured at mean age 15.5 years (n = 2470).

Model 1a
 Model 2b
 Model 3c
Mean difference per doubling of 25(OH)D3 95% CI p Mean difference per doubling of 25(OH)D3 95% CI p Mean difference per doubling of 25(OH)D3 95% CI p
SBP, mmHg 0.16 (−0.72, 1.05) 0.73 0.49 (−0.42, 1.35) 0.27 0.47 (−0.45, 1.35) 0.29
DBP, mmHg −0.11 (−0.90, 0.68) 0.78 −0.05 (−0.85, 0.78) 0.91 −0.06 (−0.87, 0.75) 0.88
Triglycerides, % change* −1.68 (−4.74, 1.34) 0.30 −0.63 (−3.52, 2.35) 0.68 −0.56 (−3.43, 2.37) 0.72
LDL-C, mmol/l −0.01 (−0.06, 0.04) 0.76 0.01 (−0.04, 0.05) 0.83 0.00 (−0.05, 0.05) 0.95
HDL-C, mmol/l 0.04 (0.01, 0.06) 0.003 0.03 (0.001, 0.05) 0.03 0.02 (0.001, 0.05) 0.04
Glucose, mmol/l −0.02 (−0.05, 0.01) 0.23 −0.02 (−0.05, 0.01) 0.33 −0.02 (−0.05, 0.01) 0.27
Insulin, % change* −6.63 (−10.57, −2.66) 0.002 −4.21 (−8.04, −0.35) 0.04 −4.35 (−8.35, −0.48) 0.03
CRP, % change* −1.57 (−10.05, 7.90) 0.73 4.65 (−4.32, 14.94) 0.32 3.84 (−5.05, 14.17) 0.41

25(OH)D3: 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; CI: confidence interval; CRP: C-reactive protein; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP: systolic blood pressure;

a

Model 1: adjusted for age and gender;

b

Model 2: as model 1 plus socioeconomic position, childhood BMI and follow-up BMI;

c

Model 3: as model 2 plus 25(OH)D2, PTH, and circulating calcium and phosphate;

*

These outcomes were log transformed and differences represent a relative per cent change in the outcome per doubling of 25(OH)D3.