Table 2.
Clinical and Laboratory presentations of study participants in relation to serum vitamin B12 levels
| Variable | ≥ 240 pg/ml N = 200 (%) | <240 pg/ml N = 80 (%) | Odds ratio (95% C.I) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
MMSE |
|
|
|
|
| Abnormal |
118 (71.1) |
48 (28.9) |
1 |
|
| Normal |
82 (71.9) |
32 (28.1) |
0.96 (0.57-1.63) |
0.878 |
|
Hyperpigmentation of knuckles |
|
|
|
|
| No |
199 (71.6) |
79 (28.4) |
1 |
|
| Yes |
1 (50.0%) |
1 (50.0%) |
2.52 (0.16-40.77) |
0.515 |
|
Joint position sense |
|
|
|
|
| Present |
159 (71.3) |
64 (28.7) |
1 |
|
| Absent |
37 (75.5) |
12 (24.5) |
0.81 (0.40-1.64) |
0.553 |
| Not Sure |
4 (50.0) |
4 (50.0) |
2.48 (0.60-10.24) |
0.208 |
|
Vibration sense |
|
|
|
|
| Present |
192 (73.3) |
70 (26.7) |
1 |
|
| Absent |
5 (41.7) |
7 (58.3) |
3.84 (1.18-12.49) |
0.025 |
| Not sure |
3 (50.0) |
3 (50.0) |
2.74 (0.54-13.90) |
0.223 |
|
Brisk knee jerks |
|
|
|
|
| Present |
17 (60.7) |
11 (39.3) |
1 |
|
| Absent |
183 (72.6) |
69 (27.4) |
0.58 (0.26-1.31) |
0.19 |
|
Absent ankle jerks |
|
|
|
|
| No |
195 (71.7) |
77 (28.3) |
1 |
|
| Yes |
5 (62.5) |
3 (37.5) |
1.52 (0.35-6.51) |
0.573 |
|
RBC haemoglobinisation |
|
|
|
|
| Normochromic |
170 (73.3) |
62 (26.7) |
1 |
|
| Hypochromic |
22 (91.7) |
2 (8.3) |
0.25 (0.06-1.09) |
0.065 |
| Hyperchromic |
5 (33.3) |
10 (66.7) |
5.48 (1.80-16.68) |
0.003 |
| Polychromasia |
3 (33.3) |
6 (66.7) |
5.48 (1.33-22.60) |
0.019 |
|
RBC size |
|
|
|
|
| Normocytic |
171 (73.4) |
62 (26.6) |
1 |
|
| Microcytic |
22 (91.7) |
2 (8.3) |
0.25 (0.06-1.10) |
0.066 |
| Macrocytic |
4 (28.6) |
10 (71.4) |
6.90 (2.09-22.79) |
0.002 |
| Anisocytosis |
3 (33.3) |
6 (66.7) |
5.52 (1.34-22.73) |
0.018 |
|
RBC shape |
|
|
|
|
| Normal |
172 (73.8) |
61 (26.2) |
1 |
|
| Target cells |
20 (90.9) |
2 (9.1) |
0.28 (0.064-1.24) |
0.094 |
| Macroovalocytes |
6 (26.1) |
17 (73.9) |
7.99 (3.01-21.19) |
<0.0001 |
|
Hypersegmeted neutrophils |
|
|
|
|
| No |
198 (71.5) |
79 (28.5) |
1 |
|
| Yes |
2 (66.7) |
1 (33.3) |
1.25 (0.11-14.01) |
0.855 |
|
Haemoglobin g/dL |
|
|
|
|
| Mean ± SD |
12.3 ± 1.79 |
12.5 ± 1.74 |
1.07 (0.93-1.25) |
0.351 |
|
MCV (FL) |
|
|
|
|
| Mean ± SD | 85.1 ± 8.5 | 89.96 ± 9.2 | 1.07 (1.03-1.10) | <0.0001 |
C.I = Confidence Interval; RBC = Red Blood Cell; MCV = Mean Cell Volume; SD = Standard Deviation.