Table 1.
Summary of the acute subjective, physiological, and adverse effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)/ecstasy use
Subjective effects |
Euphoria |
Arousal |
Increased sociability/extroversion |
Enhanced self-awareness |
Sexual effects |
Mental confusion |
Perceptual alterations |
Physiological effects |
Increased heart rate and blood pressure |
Hyperthermia |
Cortisol and prolactin release |
Adverse effects |
Nausea |
Headache |
Agitation |
Dry mouth |
Bruxism |
Trismus |