Table 3.

Differences in use of analgesics for procedures performed in the morning versus the rest of the day and for procedures performed in daytime versus night-time.

	Number of procedures N	Procedures carried out with specific analgesic		Relative reduction*	Univariate analysis p Value
		n	Per cent	Per cent
Morning versus rest of the day
5 painful procedures
Morning	9861	2546	25.8
Rest of the day	28 151	5178	18.4	28.8	<0.001
Heel sticks
Morning	1860	980	52.7
Rest of the day	6536	2716	41.6	21.1	<0.01
Vascular punctures
Morning	955	723	75.7
Rest of the day	1133	760	67.1	11.4	<0.01
Daytime versus night-time
5 painful procedures
Daytime	19 059	4261	22.5
Night-time	18 953	3463	18.3	18.3	<0.01
Heel stick
Daytime	3871	1856	47.9
Night-time	4525	1840	40.7	15.2	<0.05
Vascular punctures
Daytime	1363	1003	73.6
Night-time	725	480	66.2	10.0	0.07

*Percentage of relative reduction in the use of specific analgesic.

†These are results from multilevel analysis with time of day as the only explanatory variable. In these multilevel analyses, procedure, child and centre were at the lowest, second and highest level, respectively.