Table 5. Main definitions of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes, diabetes control, and subgroups considered from 1990-1999.

Legend: ^a without any subgroup specification. ^b value as SD above mean. ^c White class B: onset at age 20 or older or duration < 10 years; class C: onset at age 10-19 or duration 10-19 years; class D: onset < 10 or duration > 20 years; class E: overt diabetes mellitus with calcified pelvic vessels; class F: diabetic nephropathy; class R: proliferative retinopathy; class RF: retinopathy and nephropathy; class H: ischemic heart disease; class T: prior kidney transplant. Abbreviations: PE – preeclampsia, SBP – systolic blood pressure, DBP – diastolic blood pressure, μg – microgram, sCR – serum creatinine, CCr – creatinine clearance rate, MAP – mean arterial pressure, UAE – urinary albumin excretion, ESRD – end-stage renal disease. ACOG – American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, AKF – acute kidney failure, PtU – proteinuria, wk – week, trim – trimester, DN – diabetic nephropathy, NR – not reported, HbA1c – glycated hemoglobin. References [49-63].