Table 3.
Mean Between-Group Differences for Working Memory and Clinical Symptoms (SD)
| CON-Clean (n = 44) | CON-CUD (n = 10) | SCZ-Clean (n = 28) | SCZ-CUD (n = 15) | Effect Size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Working memory | 0.37 (0.69) | 0.01 (0.68) | −0.19 (0.73) | −0.73 (0.74) | —a |
| Positive symptoms | |||||
| Hallucinations | — | — | 1.01 (1.47) | 0.82 (1.49) | −0.13b |
| Delusions | — | — | 1.67 (1.45) | 1.88 (1.46) | 0.14b |
| Negative symptoms | |||||
| Flat affect | — | — | 1.89 (1.33) | 2.15 (1.34) | 0.20b |
| Alogia | — | — | 1.29 (1.32) | 1.79 (1.31) | 0.38b |
| Avolition | — | — | 1.50 (1.24) | 2.54 (1.26) | 0.83c |
| Anhedonia | — | — | 1.75 (1.40) | 2.00 (1.42) | 0.18b |
| Disorganized symptoms | |||||
| Attention | — | — | 1.71 (1.30) | 2.14 (1.31) | 0.33b |
| Bizarre behavior | — | — | 0.34 (0.68) | 0.51 (0.69) | 0.25b |
| Thought disorder | — | — | 0.79 (1.17) | 0.93 (1.18) | 0.12b |
Note: WM data were not analyzed for CON-CUD (n = 1), SCZ-Clean (n = 2), and SCZ-CUD (n = 2). Abbreviations are explained in the first footnote to table 1.
aCON-Clean > CON-CUD (P = .14, d = 0.53), SCZ-Clean (P < .001, d = 0.79), and SCZ-CUD (P < .001, d = 1.52); CON-CUD > SCZ-CUD (P < .05, d = 1.04) and SCZ-Clean (P > .10, d = 0.28); SCZ-Clean > SCZ-CUD (P < .05, d = 0.73).
bSCZ-CUD and SCZ-Clean did not differ (P > .10).
cSCZ-CUD > SCZ-Clean (P < .05).