Table 1. Sample characteristics.
| Children and Adolescents | Adults | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rural | Urban | Rural | Urban | |||||
| Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Mean (STD)/% (N) | Mean (STD)/% (N) | Mean (STD)/% (N) | Mean (STD)/% (N) | Mean (STD)/% (N) | Mean (STD)/% (N) | Mean (STD)/% (N) | Mean (STD)/% (N) | |
| N | 337 | 245 | 101 | 112 | 2715 | 3072 | 1316 | 1512 |
| Age (yrs) | 12.07 (2.80) | 12.05 (2.76) | 12.21 (3.18) | 12.43 (2.85) | 50.37 (14.91) | 50.23 (15.01) | 51.58 (15.59)* | 51.92 (15.20) |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m²) | 17.57 (3.23) | 17.61 (3.41) | 18.36 (3.82)* | 17.87 (2.97) | 23.21 (3.31) | 23.38 (3.54) | 23.60 (3.57)** | 23.43 (3.53) |
| % Overweighta | 11.69 (38) | 9.58 (23) | 14.58 (14) | 10.81 (12) | 25.17 (671) | 25.13 (748) | 26.68 (341) | 25.90 (381) |
| % Obeseb | -- | -- | -- | -- | 3.23 (86) | 4.67 (139) | 5.40 (69)** | 4.08 (60) |
| Waist circ, cm | 63.92 (10.22) | 61.64 (9.26) | 63.82 (9.81) | 63.06 (7.64) | 83.99 (10.26) | 81.42 (10.31) | 85.27 (10.17)** | 80.99 (10.26) |
| % High WCc | 15.29 (50) | 6.81 (16) | 12.77 (12) | 13.64 (15)* | 30.17 (803) | 55.09 (1,634) | 31.72 (406) | 53.88 (791) |
| % High-fat dietd | 41.77 (137) | 42.39 (103) | 61.05 (58)** | 63.06 (70)** | 40.53 (1,089) | 47.00 (1,420) | 62.11 (808)** | 65.44 (977)** |
| % Activee | 28.30 (88) | 15.52 (36) | 42.86 (39)** | 23.85 (26) | 26.93 (727) | 20.20 (616) | 49.81 (652)** | 39.83 (599)** |
| % Current smoker | -- | -- | -- | -- | 55.54 (1,499) | 3.68 (113) | 52.07 (678)* | 3.38 (51) |
| % Sick in past 4 weeksf | 9.79 (33) | 8.20 (20) | 12.87 (13) | 18.02 (20)** | 17.02 (462) | 19.10 (587) | 18.92 (249) | 21.63 (327)* |
| % Infectious Symptomsg | 8.31 (28) | 7.38 (18) | 11.88 (12) | 16.22 (18)* | 9.40 (255) | 9.73 (299) | 11.32 (149) | 11.11 (168) |
| % Non-Communicable Symptomsh | 0.59 (2) | 0.41 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5.60 (152) | 6.05 (186) | 6.76 (89)* | 9.13 (138)** |
p<0.05;
p<0.01; for difference between urban and rural residents within sex and age strata
Overweight defined as a BMI between 25-30 kg/m2 for adults or above the age-adjusted IOTF equivalent of 25 kg/m2 for children.
Obesity defined as a BMI >30 kg/m2
Asia-specific cut-point of 90cm for men and 80cm for women (Aliberti et al. 2003).
>30% of energy from fat (Du et al., 2004)
The equivalent of >1 hour of moderate-vigorous leisure time activity per week.
Presence of any self-reported illness symptom in the 4 weeks prior to blood collection.
Includes fever/cough/sore throat, diarrhea and “other infectious disease” symptoms experienced in the 4 weeks prior to blood collection
Includes heart problems and “other non-communicable disease” symptoms experienced in the 4 weeks prior to blood collection