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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Hum Biol. 2013 Oct 7;26(1):18–28. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.22462

Table 3. Association between elevated CRP and illness symptoms in the past 4 weeks a.

Children and Adolescents Adults
Moderate Acute Moderate Acute
CRP 1-10 mg/L
RRR [95% CI]
CRP >10 mg/L
RRR [95% CI]
CRP 3-10mg/L
RRR [95% CI]
CRP >10 mg/L
RRR [95% CI]
Any symptoms 1.09
[0.59,2.04]
0.82
[0.19, 3.64]
1.34
[1.18,1.53]
1.70
[1.31, 2.20]
Any infectious symptomsa 1.17
[0.61, 2.23]
0.96
[0.22, 4.26]
1.27
[1.08, 1.50]
1.87
[1.38, 2.54]
Fever/cough/sore throat 0.82
[0.38, 1.75]
1.08
[0.24, 4.75]
1.26
[1.05,1.52]
1.79
[1.27, 2.52]
Diarrhea 3.52
[1.01, 12.27]
--- 1.63
[1.10, 2.43]
1.46 [0.63,3.34]
Any non-communicable symptomsb --- --- 1.61
[1.33, 1.96]
1.43
[0.98, 2.11]
Heart problem --- --- 1.67
[1.18,2.36]
1.02
[0.46,2.27]
Asthma --- --- 1.72
[0.99, 2.96]
3.95
[1.99,7.84]
a

Relative risk ratio represents the likelihood of moderately or acutely elevated CRP (compared to non-elevated) based on symptom experience, controlling for age strata and sex from individual multinomial logistic models for each symptom/symptom category. Estimates and standard errors are corrected for clustering by household. Significant results (p<0.05) are bolded.

b

Includes fever/cough/sore throat, diarrhea and “other infectious disease” symptoms experienced in the 4 weeks prior to blood collection

c

Includes heart problems and “other non-communicable disease” symptoms experienced in the 4 weeks prior to blood collection