Table 1. Distribution and percentage of smoking by characteristics of participating nurses.
Variable | N (%) | % Smoked <15 | p-value* | % Smoked 15–19 | p-value* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 68,107 (100.0) | 4.8 | 23.0 | ||
Age started smoking | |||||
Before 15 | 3,287 (4.8) | ||||
Age 15–19 | 12,496 (18.4) | ||||
Age 20 or older | 7,063 (10.4) | ||||
Never started smoking | 45,261 (66.5) | ||||
Smoking status ages 15–19 | |||||
No smoking | 52,426 (77.0) | ||||
Smoking | 15,681 (23.0) | ||||
Age at 1989 | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
24–29 | 11,174 (16.4) | 5.9 | 19.1 | ||
30–34 | 21,243 (31.2) | 5.7 | 22.9 | ||
35–39 | 22,910 (33.6) | 4.0 | 21.7 | ||
40–44 | 12,780 (18.8) | 4.0 | 23.3 | ||
Race/ethnicity | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
Non-Hispanic white | 63,413 (94.4) | 4.9 | 23.4 | ||
Non-Hispanic black | 801 (1.2) | 3.3 | 16.7 | ||
Hispanic | 860 (1.3) | 3.3 | 16.9 | ||
Asian | 963 (1.4) | 2.2 | 9.7 | ||
Other | 1,141 (1.7) | 4.9 | 21.3 | ||
Parental smoking | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
None | 23,888 (35.3) | 2.9 | 16.3 | ||
Mom smoked | 5,448 (8.0) | 7.3 | 29.4 | ||
Dad smoked | 19,261 (28.4) | 4.4 | 23.5 | ||
Both parents smoked | 19,160 (28.3) | 7.0 | 29.0 | ||
Family emotional support | <.0001 | <.0001 | |||
Very often | 27,903 (41.0) | 3.9 | 20.7 | ||
Often | 18,783 (27.6) | 4.5 | 22.4 | ||
Sometimes | 12,468 (18.3) | 5.9 | 25.5 | ||
Rarely | 6,753 (9.9) | 6.7 | 28.2 | ||
Never | 2,098 (3.1) | 7.1 | 27.5 | ||
Mother's educationa | 0.674 | 0.086 | |||
Less than high school | 4,161 (13.7) | 4.8 | 20.6 | ||
High school graduate | 15,150 (49.9) | 4.4 | 22.2 | ||
Some college | 7,867 (25.9) | 4.4 | 21.8 | ||
College graduate or more | 3,210 (10.6) | 4.6 | 20.9 |
Chi-square test for difference between smoking and nonsmoking groups.
Measured among the 30,562 participants whose mothers completed the Mother's Questionnaire.