Table 4. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of adolescent smoking (ages 15–19) by timing and type of abuse: NHSII (N = 68,107).

Variable	Model 1: childhood only		Model 1: childhood and adolescence		Model 2		Model 3
	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Physical and sexual abuse
Childhood
None	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Physical abuse only	1.4 (1.4–1.5)	<.0001	1.1 (1.0–1.1)	<.0001	1.1 (1.0–1.1)	.004	1.1 (1.0–1.1)	.023
Sexual abuse only	1.3 (1.2–1.4)	<.0001	1.2 (1.1–1.3)	<.0001	1.2 (1.1–1.3)	<.0001	1.2 (1.1–1.3)	<.0001
Both physical and sexual abuse	1.7 (1.6–1.8)	<.0001	1.1 (1.1–1.2)	<.0001	1.1 (1.0–1.2)	.005	1.1 (1.0–1.1)	.040
Adolescence
None			1.0		1.0		1.0
Physical abuse only			1.6 (1.6–1.7)	<.0001	1.6 (1.5–1.7)	<.0001	1.6 (1.5–1.7)	<.0001
Sexual abuse only			1.5 (1.4–1.6)	<.0001	1.5 (1.4–1.6)	<.0001	1.5 (1.4–1.5)	<.0001
Both physical and sexual abuse			2.2 (2.1–2.4)	<.0001	2.2 (2.0–2.3)	<.0001	2.1 (2.0–2.3)	<.0001
Age at baseline	1.0 (1.0–1.0)	<.0001	1.0 (1.0–1.0)	<.0001	1.0 (1.0–1.0)	<.0001	1.0 (1.0–1.0)	<.0001
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Black, non-Hispanic	0.6 (0.5–0.7)	<.0001	0.6 (0.5–0.7)	<.0001	0.6 (0.5–0.7)	<.0001	0.6 (0.5–0.7)	<.0001
Hispanic	0.6 (0.5–0.7)	<.0001	0.6 (0.5–0.7)	<.0001	0.6 (0.5–0.8)	<.0001	0.6 (0.5–0.7)	<.0001
Asian	0.3 (0.3–0.4)	<.0001	0.3 (0.3–0.4)	<.0001	0.4 (0.3–0.5)	<.0001	0.4 (0.3–0.5)	<.0001
Others	0.9 (0.8–1.0)	.075	0.9 (0.7–1.0)	0.044	0.9 (0.7–1.0)	.048	0.9 (0.7–1.0)	.044
Parental smoking during childhood
None smoked					1.0		1.0
Father smoked					1.5 (1.4–1.6)	<.0001	1.5 (1.4–1.6)	<.0001
Mother smoked					2.0 (1.9–2.2)	<.0001	2.0 (1.9–2.2)	<.0001
Both parents smoked					2.0 (1.9–2.0)	<.0001	1.9 (1.9–2.0)	<.0001
Emotional support from family member*
Never							1.0
Rarely							1.0 (0.9–1.2)	.573
Sometimes							1.0 (0.9–1.1)	.849
Often							0.9 (0.8–1.0)	.161
Very often							0.9 (0.8–1.0)	.060

CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.

^*p < .0001 for trend test.