Fig. 1. CaMKII and caspase-3 activity and total CaMKII and iNOS levels in diabetic mouse retina and the effect of AIP treatment. (A) CaMKII kinase activity and the levels of these proteins increased in the retinas of diabetic mice compared with the controls (*P = 0.013, n = 4). Activity was greatly reduced in the retinas of AIPtreated diabetic mice compared with PBS-treated diabetic mice (^†P = 0.033, n = 4). (B) Western blot analysis using the indicated specific antibodies on total cell lysates of retinas from diabetic and control mice. Caspase- 3, iNOS and phospho-CaMKII levels were reduced in AIP-treated diabetic mice, whereas total CaMKII protein levels did not significantly change (P = 0.813, n = 4). (C-F) Quantitative representation of Western blot results for the indicated proteins. All experiments were performed in quadruplicate. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 4). *P < 0.05, comparing the PBS-treated control and diabetic mice; ^†P < 0.05, comparing the PBS- and AIP-treated diabetic groups.