Supplemental Table 3.

Inter- and intra-rater reliability of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) diagnosis by ultrasound across different studies.

Study	Number of patients	Zamboni’s group	Findings
Menegatti et al, 2010	36 (12 MS, 12 HC, 12 OND)	Yes	Inter-observer reproducibility between trained and not trained sonographers: κ=0.47 Inter-observer reproducibility between trained sonographers: κ=0.80 Intra-observer reproducibility in trained sonographers: κ=0.93
Tsivgoulis et al, 2011	15 (8 MS, 7HC)	No	Intra-rater and inter-rater reproduciblity regarding Criterion I, III & IV: κ≥ 0.82 Intra-rater and inter-rater reproduciblity regarding Criterion II & V: κ=0.14-0.48
Zivadinov et al, 2011	36 (11 MS, 14 HC, 3 OND)	Yes	Inter-observer reproducibility: Not assessed Intra-observer reproducibility: κ=0.75

MS: multiple sclerosis, HC: healthy control, OND: other neurological disorders.

Criterion I: reflux in cervical veins, Criterion II: reflux in deep cerebral veins Criterion III: high-resolution B-mode evidence of proximal internal jugular vein stenosis (IJV), Criterion IV: flow not-Doppler detectable in IJVs, Criterion V: reverted postural control of the main cerebral venous outflow in IJVs.