Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics in the whole cohort and in the propensity-matched sample.
| GPI (n=1143) | No GPI (n=1852) | p-value | PMS and GPI (n=923) | PMS and no GPI (n=923) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 58 (51–68) | 60 (52–69) | <0.001 | 58 (51–68) | 59 (51–68) | 0.79 |
| Female | 289 (25.3) | 551 (29.7) | 0.009 | 245 (25.3) | 252 (25.3) | 0.75 |
| Body-mass index (kg/m2) | 26.6 (24.6–29.2) | 26.2 (24.2–29.0) | 0.02 | 26.5 (24.6–29.1) | 26.3 (24.3–28.9) | 0.14 |
| Medical history | ||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 191 (16.7) | 388 (20.9) | 0.005 | 159 (16.7) | 170 (16.7) | 0.54 |
| Hypertension | 752 (65.8) | 1239 (66.9) | 0.58 | 623 (65.8) | 595 (65.8) | 0.10 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 703 (61.5) | 1123 (60.6) | 0.62 | 586 (61.5) | 568 (61.5) | 0.11 |
| Current smoking | 649 (56.8) | 961 (51.9) | 0.009 | 518 (56.8) | 499 (56.8) | 0.37 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 131 (11.5) | 182 (9.8) | 0.16 | 105 (11.5) | 89 (11.5) | 0.26 |
| Previous PCI | 41 (3.6) | 39 (2.1) | 0.02 | 21 (3.6) | 29 (3.6) | 0.89 |
| Previous CABG | 26 (2.2) | 25 (1.3) | 0.07 | 21 (2.2) | 12 (2.2) | 0.09 |
| Previous CVI | 46 (4.0) | 73 (3.9) | 0.92 | 36 (4.0) | 42 (4.0) | 0.49 |
| Clinical features | ||||||
| Time from symptoms to FMC (h) | 2.5 (1.5–4.0) | 2.5 (1.5–4.0) | 0.58 | 2.5 (1.5–4.0) | 2.5 (1.5–4.0) | 0.28 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130 (115–150) | 140 (120–155) | <0.001 | 130 (120–150) | 135 (120–150) | 0.53 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 78 (68–88) | 76 (69–88) | 0.64 | 76 (68–88) | 76 (69–90) | 0.61 |
| Anterior infarction | 482 (42.2) | 729 (39.4) | 0.13 | 391 (42.2) | 364 (42.2) | 0.20 |
| Killip heart failure at admission | ||||||
| >1 | 171 (15.0) | 195 (10.5) | <0.001 | 121 (15.2) | 125 (15.2) | 0.84 |
| 2 | 160 (14.0) | 182 (9.8) | <0.001 | 110 (14.0) | 112 (14.0) | 0.88 |
| 3 | 11 (1.0) | 13 (0.7) | 0.52 | 8 (1.0) | 8 (1.0) | 1.00 |
| Laboratory analyses | ||||||
| Creatine kinase (U/l) | 2222 (1170–3896) | 1736 (906–3166) | <0.001 | 1925 (1124–3600) | 1940 (1068–3483) | 0.68 |
| Troponin I (µg/l) | 40.9 (12.3–103.4) | 27.5 (7.4–76.6) | <0.001 | 36.0 (12.3–97.0) | 33.9 (10.6–86.9) | 0.51 |
| Creatinine clearance (ml/min) | 90.1 (70.3–110.3) | 89.9 (68.5–111.2) | 0.92 | 91.3 (71.1–110.1) | 92.8 (72.3–111.2) | 0.09 |
| Creatinine clearance <60 ml/min | 170 (14.9) | 285 (15.4) | 0.50 | 131 (14.9) | 115 (14.9) | 0.44 |
| Haemoglobin at admission (g/dl) | 143 (132–153) | 141 (130–151) | 0.01 | 142 (132–152) | 142 (131–152) | 0.65 |
| Glucose at admission (mmol/l) | 7.1 (6.0–9.3) | 7.1 (5.9–9.2) | 0.53 | 7.0 (5.9–9.2) | 7.1 (5.9–9.3) | 0.75 |
| Leukocyte at admission (109/l) | 11.8 (9.7–14.4) | 11.0 (9.0–13.4) | <0.001 | 11.4 (9.5–14.0) | 11.6 (9.5–13.9) | 0.71 |
| Fibrinogen at admission (µmol/l) | 4.1 (3.4–5.1) | 4.1 (3.4–5.0) | 0.74 | 4.1 (3.4–5.1) | 4.0 (3.4–4.9) | 0.46 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction | 50 (40–55) | 50 (42–56) | 0.06 | 50 (42–55) | 50 (40–55) | 0.28 |
| Angiographic finding | ||||||
| 1-vessel disease | 481 (42.0) | 811 (43.8) | 0.40 | 393 (42.0) | 399 (42.0) | 0.71 |
| 2-vessel disease | 339 (29.7) | 566 (30.6) | 0.68 | 270 (29.7) | 283 (29.7) | 0.51 |
| 3-vessel disease | 323 (28.3) | 475 (25.6) | 0.14 | 260 (28.3) | 241 (28.3) | 0.20 |
| Left main disease | 77 (6.7) | 111 (6.0) | 0.44 | 51 (6.7) | 55 (6.7) | 0.69 |
| Infarction-related artery | ||||||
| Left anterior descending + diagonal | 485 (42.4) | 759 (41.0) | 0.43 | 381 (42.4) | 396 (42.4) | 0.60 |
| Left circumflex + obtuse marginal | 124 (10.8) | 264 (14.2) | 0.01 | 142 (10.8) | 117 (10.8) | 0.08 |
| Right coronary | 534 (46.7) | 819 (44.2) | 0.13 | 393 (46.7) | 406 (46.7) | 0.54 |
| Saphenous-vein graft | 7 (0.6 ) | 10 (0.5) | 0.11 | 7 (0.6 ) | 4 (0.6 ) | 0.39 |
| Preprocedural occlusion | 965 (84.4) | 1091 (58.9) | <0.001 | 755 (84.4) | 758 (84.4) | 0.90 |
| Bifurcation lesion | 40 (3.5) | 51 (2.8) | 0.27 | 34 (3.5) | 24 (3.5) | 0.23 |
| Diameter of reference vessel (mm) | 3 (3–3.5) | 3 (3–3.5) | <0.001 | 3 (3–3.5) | 3 (3–3.5) | 0.13 |
| Procedural characteristics | ||||||
| Stent implanted | 1062 (92.9) | 1742 (94.1) | 0.28 | 859 (92.9) | 859 (92.9) | 1.00 |
| Time from FMC to balloon (min) | 89 (40–148) | 90 (41–146) | 0.56 | 89 (40–148) | 89 (39–150) | 0.68 |
| Temporary pacemaker | 46 (4.0) | 23 (1.2) | <0.001 | 18 (4.0) | 18 (4.0) | 1.00 |
| Unsuccessful PCI | 30 (2.6) | 33 (1.8) | 0.15 | 21 (2.6) | 27 (2.6) | 0.46 |
| Infarction-related artery | ||||||
| Maximal length of stent (mm) | 23 (20–25) | 23 (19–24) | <0.001 | 23 (20–25) | 23 (20–25) | 0.96 |
| Maximal size of stent (mm) | 3 (3–3.5) | 3 (3–3.5) | <0.001 | 3 (3–3.5) | 3 (3–3.5) | 0.35 |
| Number of stents implanted | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–1) | <0.001 | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.95 |
| Drug-eluting stent | 74 (6.5) | 134 (7.2) | 0.46 | 54 (6.5) | 66 (6.5) | 0.26 |
| Procedural complications | ||||||
| Dissection | 28 (2.4) | 30 (1.6) | 0.13 | 20 (2.4) | 21 (2.4) | 0.88 |
| Suboptimal final TIMI flow grade | ||||||
| <3 | 97 (8.5) | 57 (3.1) | <0.001 | 56 (8.5) | 49 (8.5) | 0.48 |
| 2 | 52 (4.6) | 22 (1.2) | <0.001 | 29 (4.6) | 20 (4.6) | 0.25 |
| 1 | 13 (1.1) | 5 (0.3) | <0.001 | 7 (1.1) | 3 (1.1) | 0.23 |
| 0 | 32 (2.8) | 30 (1.6) | <0.001 | 20 (2.8) | 26 (2.8) | 0.46 |
Values are median (interquartile range) or n (%).
CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; CVI, cerebrovascular insult; FMC, first medical contact; GPI, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor tirofiban; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PMS, propensity-matched sample; TIMI, Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction.