Table 1.

Cone flash response parameters for several mammals

Type	Rmax, pA	σ, photons⋅μm−2	tpeak, ms	tint, ms	SF, pA photon−1⋅μm2	a, pA⋅photon−1	AL-P, s−2	n
Monkey
L	34 ± 17	1,845 ± 740	43 ± 2	72 ± 3	0.015 ± 0.006	0.04 ± 0.01	4.2 ± 1.0	10
M	26 ± 7	1,665 ± 920	44 ± 2	80 ± 12	0.020 ± 0.005	0.04 ± 0.01	3.4 ± 0.5	8
S	24 ± 10	1,640 ± 800	40 ± 4	73 ± 20	0.013 ± 0.007	0.03 ± 0.02	3.4 ± 1.3	5
US*	28 ± 14*	1,630 ± 970*	39 ± 1*	27 ± 16*	0.010 ± 0.009*	0.02 ± 0.02*	4.4 ± 1.9*	2*
Pig
L	10 ± 1	1,400 ± 280	62 ± 3	86 ± 10	0.009 ± 0.002	0.03 ± 0.01	3.2 ± 0.6	5
Ground squirrel
M	29 ± 9	16,300 ± 6,800	28 ± 2	38 ± 12	0.0033 ± 0.002	0.005 ± 0.003	1.7 ± 0.1	22
S	25 ± 7	15,300 ± 8,300	31 ± 2	31 ± 7	0.0023 ± 0.0005	0.004 ± 0.001	1.1 ± 0.3	5
Nile grass rat
M	25 ± 3	20,800 ± 4,200	43 ± 1	70 ± 8	0.002 ± 0.0005	0.01 ± 0.003	2.1 ± 0.4	9
Mouse
M	8 ± 2	4,250 ± 1,700	75 ± 8	81 ± 16	0.003 ± 0.0014	0.016 ± 0.007	1.9 ± 1.2	6
S	9 ± 3	5,600 ± 2,100	84 ± 12	89 ± 17	0.003 ± 0.001	0.015 ± 0.005	1.5 ± 1.3	24

t_int, integration time of dim-flash response, given by ∫ f(t)dt/f_p, where f(t) is the response waveform and f_p is the waveform’s transient-peak amplitude. All data, given as mean ± SD, are derived from responses low-passed-filtered at DC-200 Hz (eight-pole Bessel). Monkey cones indicated by “US” and marked by an asterisk gave biphasic responses, i.e., with an undershoot (note the correspondingly low t_int). Eight of the monkey cones listed are from outer-segment recordings (four L-, two M-, and one S- cone, together with one L-cone that showed undershoot), but their results were similar to those obtained with inner-segment recordings. For the parameter A_L-P, see Data Analysis in Materials and Methods. The table lists only those cells that were stable enough to provide all of the indicated response parameters, which is why their total number (e.g., monkey cones) do not necessarily match the total number of cells recorded as stated in the text.