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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Inflammation. 2013 Dec;36(6):1494–1502. doi: 10.1007/s10753-013-9691-2

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

a TNF-α concentrations in plasma for the control and insulin groups during the experiment. Mean natural log-transformed plasma TNF-α was significantly different between groups at 1.5 and 2 h (P>0.05); TNF-α increased for both groups over time and peaked at 2.5 h for the control group and 3 h for the insulin group. Data are mean ± SEM and n=7 for each condition. *P>0.05 for time; **P>0.001 for time; †P>0.05 for group. b IL-1β concentrations in plasma for the control and insulin groups during experiment. Natural log-transformed mean plasma IL-1β was significantly different between groups at 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 h (P>0.05); there was a significant increase in natural log-transformed mean IL-1β (time effect) for the control group at 2.5, 3, and 3.5 h and for the insulin group at 3.5 h. Data are mean ± SEM and n=7 for each condition. *P>0.05 for time; †P>0.05 for group. c IL-6 concentrations in plasma for the control and insulin groups during the experiment. Plasma IL-6 showed no significant difference between groups (P<0.05). IL-6 increased over time for both groups. Data are mean ± SEM and n=7 for each condition. *P>0.05 for time; **P>0.001 for time.