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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 24.
Published in final edited form as: Am Econ J Appl Econ. 2014 Jan 1;6(1):157–189. doi: 10.1257/app.6.1.157

TABLE 5.

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS, TIME USE SURVEY (1998–1999). RURAL AREAS.

HHs with youngest
below age 1
HHs with youngest
ages 0–1
HHs with youngest
ages 2–5
Mean S.D. Mean S.D. Mean S.D.



Percentage of all households 0.04 0.15 0.30
Time Use:
Time spent on child care (minutes per day) 236.62 159.28 196.90 152.19 107.19 129.05
Time spent on child care by female members 192.15 134.80 166.23 132.76 88.87 108.79
Time spent on child care by male members 44.47 82.20 30.67 64.70 18.31 51.21
Time spent on physical care 165.22 125.96 137.89 121.83 73.06 94.29
Time spent supervising children 55.50 114.87 48.96 105.50 24.26 76.10
Time spent instructing children 5.25 27.37 4.10 23.10 5.24 26.62
Time spent taking children to places 10.65 67.78 5.94 42.81 4.62 39.92
Time spent on exclusive child care 132.44 153.63 95.55 137.45 57.43 105.52
Household characteristics:
Household size 4.68 1.87 4.54 1.83 3.95 1.54
Male youngest 0.46 0.50 0.51 0.50 0.55 0.50
Scheduled tribe 0.24 0.43 0.23 0.42 0.21 0.41
Scheduled caste 0.14 0.35 0.18 0.38 0.20 0.40
Hindu 0.91 0.28 0.91 0.29 0.92 0.28
Per capita expenditure 393.31 175.58 393.83 188.92 408.61 196.36
Land owned and possessed 4.85 7.97 4.51 8.25 3.89 9.13
Observations 562 1,947 3,815

Notes: Weighted statistics for households in each sample. The statistics in the first two columns are for households where the youngest child is under 1, columns (3) and (4) for households where the youngest child is under 2, and the last two columns for households where the youngest is between 2 and 5 years of age. Time use is expressed in minutes per day.