Table 3.
Course of developmental delay over the 2-year surveillance period in relation to various factors
|
Factors |
|
DQ difference* |
P
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | Range | |||
|
Prenatal
|
|
|
|
|
| Fecundation in vitro |
yes |
9.2 |
-4.0 to 23.0 |
0.687 |
| |
no |
10.0 |
-10 to 42.0 |
|
| Drug exposure in pregnancy † |
yes |
8.5 |
-10 to 27.0 |
0.244 |
| |
no |
10.0 |
-5.0 to 42.0 |
|
| Tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy |
yes |
9 |
-10.0 to 35.0 |
0.340 |
| |
no |
10.0 |
-5.0 to 42.0 |
|
| Multiple gestation |
yes |
9.0 |
-10.0 to 20.0 |
0.169 |
| |
no |
10.0 |
-5.0 to 42.0 |
|
| Prematurity |
yes |
7.5 |
-10.0 to 18.0 |
0.022 |
| |
no |
10.0 |
-4.0 to 42.0 |
|
| IUGR |
yes |
7.0 |
-10.0 to 15.0 |
0.006 |
| |
no |
10.0 |
0.0 to 42.0 |
|
| Hypertensive disease of pregnancy ‡ |
yes |
9.5 |
-10.0 to 38.0 |
0.904 |
| |
no |
10.0 |
-5.0 to 42.0 |
|
| Hemorrhagic complications of pregnancy § |
yes |
9.0 |
-10.0 to 36.0 |
0.820 |
| |
no |
10.00 |
-5.0 to 42.0 |
|
|
Perinatal
|
|
|
|
|
| Cesarean section |
yes |
10.0 |
-10.0 to 36.0 |
0.880 |
| |
no |
10.0 |
-5.0 to 42.0 |
|
| Birth asphyxia |
yes |
9.0 |
-5.0 to 35.0 |
0.620 |
| |
no |
10.0 |
-10.0 to 42.0 |
|
| Neonatal hypoxia || |
yes |
8.0 |
-10.0 to 15.0 |
0.024 |
| |
no |
10.5 |
0.0 to 42.0 |
|
| Neonatal infection |
yes |
9.0 |
-4.0 to 42.0 |
0.870 |
| |
no |
10.0 |
-10.0 to 35.0 |
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
| Low socio-economic status |
yes |
6.0 |
-10.0 to 10.0 |
<0.001 |
| |
no |
11.0 |
0.0 to 42.0 |
|
| Adherence to recommendations and treatment |
yes |
12.0 |
0.0 to 42 |
<0.001 |
| no | 5.0 | -10.0 to 12 | ||
*calculated as DQ(2-year visit)–DQ(initial visit).
Between-group differences are calculated with Mann–Whitney U test.
†exposure to alcohol and illicit drugs; ‡ preeclampsia, eclampsia; § placental abruption, placenta previa; || need for ventilatory support due to respiratory distress or severe apneas.
DQ indicates developmental quotient; IUGR intrauterine growth restriction.