Table S1.
Language test details
| Objectives | Command | Score and cutoff | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boston Naming Test | To assess the ability of naming by visual confrontation. | The patient must name 15 figures submitted to him/her. Each correct answer corresponds to 1 point. |
Cutoff equivalent to 12 out of 15 possible figures named correctly. |
| Semantic (SVF) and Phonological (PVF) Verbal Fluencies | To evaluate language production, starting with triggers of semantic categories and phonemes. | The patient has to say as many words as possible in 1 minute in the categories animals and fruits for semantic verbal fluency, and say as many words as possible beginning with A and F for phonological verbal fluency. All correct words are scored within the categories analyzed. | <9 points for illiterates, <12 points for 1–7 years of schooling, and <13 points for individuals with 8 years or more of schooling. |
| Test of Narrative “Cookie Theft” | Assess the skills of narrating and describing. To analyze the production of oral language before exposure to the figure “Cookie Theft”. | The volunteer is instructed to describe everything he is seeing in the image in the best way possible. The speech is recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. |
Test results were evaluated using previous published criteria on the information content of the image, including the number of key concepts, narrative efficiency, number of units of information, the total number of words, and concision ratio (ratio between the information units and the total number of words). |
| MEC battery | |||
| Metaphors (explanation and alternatives) | Assess the ability to understand and explain the nonliteral sense of sentences. | The individual is asked to explain the meaning of the sentence in their own words. The answer is scored with 0, 1, or 2, with a maximum score of 40 points. After this step, three sentences are read in a loud voice, and the volunteer has to indicate which one of the three sentences best explains the meaning of the sentence he had explained. | 2–7 years of education, 19 points; ≥8 years of schooling, 25 points. |
| Direct (DSA) and Indirect (ISA) Speech Acts(explanation and alternatives) |
Examine the ability to understand direct speech acts (10 situations in which the speaker means literally what is said) and indirect (10 cases in which the intention of the speaker is not explicit and must be inferred from the context), both from a particular communicative context. | The subject is asked to explain in his or her own words what the person meant after hearing the situation read by the examiner. The explanation is scored 0, 1, or 2, with a maximum score of 40 points. After the explanation, the volunteer is asked to choose an alternative that better explains what the phrase meant. | 2–7 years of education, 26 points; ≥8 years of schooling, 27 points. |
| Linguistic Prosody | Evaluate the perception and identification of linguistic intonation patterns. | Each sentence was previously recorded on audio equipment, with adjustable accents for the region in three different intonations (affirmative, interrogative, and imperative). A total of 12 sentences were read in random order. The subject is asked to identify the intonation. The maximum score is 12 points. |
2–7 years of education, 6 points; ≥9 years of schooling, 9 points. |
| Emotional Prosody | Evaluate the ability to perceive and identify emotional intonation patterns. | Each sentence was previously recorded on audio equipment, with adjustable regional accent in three different emotional intonations (happiness, sadness, and anger), making 12 stimuli, presented in random order. The evaluated individual was asked to identify the intonation. The maximum score was 12 points. | 2–7 years of education, 6 points; ≥8 years of schooling, 8 points. |
| Narrative discourse | |||
| 1. Partial retelling | Evaluate comprehension and recall of complex linguistic information, as well as the ability to examine. | After reading each paragraph, the subject was asked to recount with his own words the paragraph read. Total score for essential information was 18 points. |
2–7 years of education, 5 points; ≥8 years of schooling, 11 points. |
| 2. Complete retelling | discursive expression. | The same story is read a second time, in its entirety, by the examiner. The individual being evaluated is instructed to retell after reading, in his or her own words, the whole story. The information in the narrative was scored by comparison with a grid of 13 main information points, generating a maximum score of 13 points. |
2–7 years of schooling, 2 points;≥8 years of schooling, 8 points. |
| 3. Comprehension | Examines the understanding of the same story through 12 issues of short answers. Each correct answer adds 1 point, the maximum score is 12 points. | 2–7 years of education, 5 points;≥8 years of schooling, 8 points. |